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BI231 Wk 4 Ch 8 Bones > Wk 4 Ch 8 > Flashcards

Wk 4 Ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Process bone marking

A

any bony prominence

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2
Q

Protuberance bone marking

A

bony outgrowth or protruding part

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3
Q

Ramus bone marking

A

branch or arm

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4
Q

Spine bone marking

A

sharp, slender, or narrow process

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5
Q

Trochanter bone marking

A

two massive processes unique to the femur

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6
Q

Tubercle bone marking

A

small, rounded process

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7
Q

Tuberosity bone marking

A

rough elevated surface

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8
Q

Alveolus bone marking

A

pit or socket

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9
Q

Fovea bone marking

A

small pit

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10
Q

Sulcus bone marking

A

groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel

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11
Q

Canal bone marking

A

tubular passage or tunnel

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12
Q

Fissure bone marking

A

slit through a bone

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13
Q

Foramen bone marking

A

hole through a bone, usually round

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14
Q

Sinus bone marking

A

air filled space in a bone

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15
Q

Articulated

A

bones that are connected or joined together at a joint

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16
Q

Articulation

A

point of connection between two bones, where they join together
aka joints

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17
Q

Disarticulated

A

bones that have been separated or taken apart from their natural, connected state

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18
Q

What runs through the external acoustic meatus?

A

Sound waves to the ear drum

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19
Q

What runs through the carotid canal?

A

internal carotid artery

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20
Q

What runs through the jugular foramen?

A

internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, accessory nerve, and vagus nerve

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21
Q

What runs through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord, accessory nerve, vertebral arteries

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22
Q

What runs through the olfactory foramina?

A

olfactory nerves

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23
Q

What runs through the optic canal?

A

optic nerve, ophthalmic nerve

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24
Q

What sits in the sella turcica?

A

pituitary gland

25
Q

What articulates with occipital condyles?

A

Atlas, the first cervical vertebrae

26
Q

4 major sutures

A

coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous

27
Q

What bones make up the orbit?

A

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal

28
Q

What bones make up the nose?

A

2 nasal bones, vomer, ethmoid bone, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae

29
Q

Function of the nasal conchae

A

warming air

30
Q

Functions of the sinuses

A

voice resonance and lightens the anterior portion of the skull

31
Q

What are the major sinuses?

A

frontal sinus, sphenoidal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, maxillary sinus

32
Q

Function of the hyoid bone

A

muscle attachment, larynx support

33
Q

Fontanelles

A

Soft, membranous spaces between infant skull bones

34
Q

When do fontanelles fuse?

A

usually by age 1; anterior fontanelle can fuse 18-24 months

35
Q

Major fontanelles

A

Anterior fontanelle, posterior fontanelle, sphenoid fontanelle, mastoid fontanelle

36
Q

4 spinal curves

A

thoracic kyphosis, sacral kyphosis, cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis

37
Q

Which spinal curves are primary and secondary

A

thoracic - primary
sacral - primary
cervical - secondary
lumbar - secondary

38
Q

Lordosis

A

spinal curve that curves toward the front of the body

39
Q

Kyphosis

A

spinal curve in the body that curves toward the back

40
Q

Scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

41
Q

5 vertebral regions

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

42
Q

Quantity, function, and characteristics of cervical vertebrae

A

Quantity: 7
Function: head support, protection of spinal cord and muscle attachments
Characteristics: smallest vertebrae, transverse foramina in each transverse process

43
Q

Quantity, function, and characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A

Quantity: 12
Function: rib movement, structural support for thoracic cage
Characteristics: heart-shaped vertebral bodies, corresponds to the 12 ribs, pointed spinous processes angling downward

44
Q

Quantity, function, and characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A

Quantity: 5
Function: primary weight-beating region, support upper body
Characteristics: largest and strongest vertebrae, thick bodies, blunt and squarish spinous process

45
Q

Quantity, function, and characteristics of sacrum vertebrae

A

Quantity: 5
Function: supports trunk weight, transfers load to pelvis, provides attachment for pelvis muscles
Characteristics: fused in adults, separated in children, triangular shaped body plate

46
Q

Quantity, function, and characteristics of the coccyx

A

Quantity: 3-5 (usually 4)
Function: attachment for pelvic floor muscles
Characteristics: fuses by 20-30, forms the tailbone

47
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

A soft, cushion-like structure between vertebrae that allows movement, supports body weight, and absorbs shock

48
Q

Regions of an intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus - inner gelatinous core
anulus fibrosus - outer ring of fibrocartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus

49
Q

What is a herniated disc?

A

condition where the soft inner part of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tough outer layer, potentially causing pain by pressing on nearby nerves

50
Q

Functions of the thoracic cage

A

forms an enclosure for the lungs and heart, provides attachment for the pectoral girdle and upper lim, protects thoracic organs, enables breathing

51
Q

Which ribs are true, false, or floating?

A

True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12

52
Q

Definition of true, false, and floating ribs

A

True: directly attached to sternum via individual costal cartilage
False: costal cartilage joins costal cartilage of rib 7
Floating: no connection to sternum

53
Q

Bones of the pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula

54
Q

Bones of the pelvic girdle

A

two coxal bones, sacrum

55
Q

Function of the pelvic girdle

A

structural support, muscular attachments, organ support

56
Q

What is the pubic symphysis

A

fibrous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones at the front of the pelvis, allowing slight movement and providing stability to the pelvic structure

57
Q

What is the pubic symphysis made of

A

fibrocartilage

58
Q

What bones are found in the pelvis

A

2 hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx

BI231 Wk 4 Ch 8 Bones (2 decks)

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