Wk 4 Ch 8 Flashcards
Process bone marking
any bony prominence
Protuberance bone marking
bony outgrowth or protruding part
Ramus bone marking
branch or arm
Spine bone marking
sharp, slender, or narrow process
Trochanter bone marking
two massive processes unique to the femur
Tubercle bone marking
small, rounded process
Tuberosity bone marking
rough elevated surface
Alveolus bone marking
pit or socket
Fovea bone marking
small pit
Sulcus bone marking
groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel
Canal bone marking
tubular passage or tunnel
Fissure bone marking
slit through a bone
Foramen bone marking
hole through a bone, usually round
Sinus bone marking
air filled space in a bone
Articulated
bones that are connected or joined together at a joint
Articulation
point of connection between two bones, where they join together
aka joints
Disarticulated
bones that have been separated or taken apart from their natural, connected state
What runs through the external acoustic meatus?
Sound waves to the ear drum
What runs through the carotid canal?
internal carotid artery
What runs through the jugular foramen?
internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, accessory nerve, and vagus nerve
What runs through the foramen magnum?
spinal cord, accessory nerve, vertebral arteries
What runs through the olfactory foramina?
olfactory nerves
What runs through the optic canal?
optic nerve, ophthalmic nerve
What sits in the sella turcica?
pituitary gland
What articulates with occipital condyles?
Atlas, the first cervical vertebrae
4 major sutures
coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, squamous
What bones make up the orbit?
Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal
What bones make up the nose?
2 nasal bones, vomer, ethmoid bone, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae
Function of the nasal conchae
warming air
Functions of the sinuses
voice resonance and lightens the anterior portion of the skull
What are the major sinuses?
frontal sinus, sphenoidal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, maxillary sinus
Function of the hyoid bone
muscle attachment, larynx support
Fontanelles
Soft, membranous spaces between infant skull bones
When do fontanelles fuse?
usually by age 1; anterior fontanelle can fuse 18-24 months
Major fontanelles
Anterior fontanelle, posterior fontanelle, sphenoid fontanelle, mastoid fontanelle
4 spinal curves
thoracic kyphosis, sacral kyphosis, cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis
Which spinal curves are primary and secondary
thoracic - primary
sacral - primary
cervical - secondary
lumbar - secondary
Lordosis
spinal curve that curves toward the front of the body
Kyphosis
spinal curve in the body that curves toward the back
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
5 vertebral regions
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
Quantity, function, and characteristics of cervical vertebrae
Quantity: 7
Function: head support, protection of spinal cord and muscle attachments
Characteristics: smallest vertebrae, transverse foramina in each transverse process
Quantity, function, and characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
Quantity: 12
Function: rib movement, structural support for thoracic cage
Characteristics: heart-shaped vertebral bodies, corresponds to the 12 ribs, pointed spinous processes angling downward
Quantity, function, and characteristics of lumbar vertebrae
Quantity: 5
Function: primary weight-beating region, support upper body
Characteristics: largest and strongest vertebrae, thick bodies, blunt and squarish spinous process
Quantity, function, and characteristics of sacrum vertebrae
Quantity: 5
Function: supports trunk weight, transfers load to pelvis, provides attachment for pelvis muscles
Characteristics: fused in adults, separated in children, triangular shaped body plate
Quantity, function, and characteristics of the coccyx
Quantity: 3-5 (usually 4)
Function: attachment for pelvic floor muscles
Characteristics: fuses by 20-30, forms the tailbone
Intervertebral discs
A soft, cushion-like structure between vertebrae that allows movement, supports body weight, and absorbs shock
Regions of an intervertebral disc
nucleus pulposus - inner gelatinous core
anulus fibrosus - outer ring of fibrocartilage surrounding the nucleus pulposus
What is a herniated disc?
condition where the soft inner part of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tough outer layer, potentially causing pain by pressing on nearby nerves
Functions of the thoracic cage
forms an enclosure for the lungs and heart, provides attachment for the pectoral girdle and upper lim, protects thoracic organs, enables breathing
Which ribs are true, false, or floating?
True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
Definition of true, false, and floating ribs
True: directly attached to sternum via individual costal cartilage
False: costal cartilage joins costal cartilage of rib 7
Floating: no connection to sternum
Bones of the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
Bones of the pelvic girdle
two coxal bones, sacrum
Function of the pelvic girdle
structural support, muscular attachments, organ support
What is the pubic symphysis
fibrous joint that connects the left and right pubic bones at the front of the pelvis, allowing slight movement and providing stability to the pelvic structure
What is the pubic symphysis made of
fibrocartilage
What bones are found in the pelvis
2 hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx
