Wk 3 N - Structures

Question 1

Neuroaxis

Answer 1

Runs right up the middle of the spinal cord and into the middle of the brain.

Question 2

Superior

Answer 2

AKA Dorsal - Means towards the top. In humans it is the back, until 90 degree turn, then it is on the top of the head.

Question 3

Inferior

Answer 3

AKA Ventral - Means towards the bottom. In humans, it is along the chest.

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

AKA Rostral - Means towards the front. If looking at someone face to face, anterior would be their face (i.e., the end of the neuroaxis)

Question 5

Posterior

Answer 5

AKA Caudal - Towards the back. If looking at someone face to face, posterior would be their feet (i.e., bottom of neuroaxis).

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Towards the middle. Arrows going into their ears.

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

Towards the side. Arrows coming out of the ears.

Question 8

Ipsilateral

Answer 8

Ips = Same side as something

Question 9

Contralateral

Answer 9

Contra = On a different side

Question 10

Afferent

Answer 10

PATHWAYS - Coming IN, any receiving projections.

Question 11

Efferent

Answer 11

PATHWAYS - Going AWAY from or projecting information away from the brain.

Question 12

What are all sensory pathways (afferent or efferent?)

Answer 12

Afferent!

Question 13

What are all motor responses/muscle contractions (afferent or efferent?)

Answer 13

Efferent!

Question 14

Describe a transverse cut

Answer 14

Cut the persons face off; also called transverse, frontal, coronal.

Question 15

Describe a horizontal cut

Answer 15

Scalp them

Question 16

Describe a sagittal cut

Answer 16

Cut the person down the middle, between the eyes, to see one of the lobes. Open them like a wardrobe.

Question 17

What makes up the Central Nervous System?

Answer 17

Brain and spinal cord! Any part of the nervous system inside of a bone.

Question 18

What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 18

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia

Question 19

How much blood does the brain receive/use?

Answer 19

20% of blood volume. It continuously receives this amount even though blood flow to other parts of the body varies depending on the need/activity.

Question 20

Why does the brain need blood?

Answer 20

Because neurons are very high energy and cannot store glucose (requires O2 to extract glucose), they need a regularly supply of blood to function.

Question 21

How long can a brain go without blood?

Answer 21

Must have continuous supply. Permanent brain damage can occur after 5mins without blood.

Question 22

What happens when blood leaks from the vessel?

Answer 22

Blood is toxic to the brain if it escapes the vessel. An aneurysm can occur when the walls are too thin. It’s like a balloon that pops.

Question 23

Meninges

Answer 23

Tough, protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. They give the brain support and provide a structure for some other systemic features.

Question 24

How many layers does the meninges have? What are they?

Answer 24

THREE! Dura mater, arachnoid, (subarachnoid space goes here), and pia mater.