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GNMD Q4 > WK 2: Neoplasia > Flashcards

WK 2: Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

3 characteristics of neoplasia

A
  1. unregulated
  2. irreversible
  3. monoclonal
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2
Q

Difference between benign and malignant tumors

A

bening:
-do not invade the adjacent tissues
-do not metastasize
-more differentiated than malignant
-resemble their tissue of origin

malignant:
-invade other tissues
-metastasize to distant tissues

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3
Q

Bening tumors are designated by attaching the suffix ____ to the cell of origin

A

-Oma
( fribroma, osteoma, chondroma)

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4
Q

Bening tumors of squamous epithelium are called

A

epithelioma

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5
Q

bening tumors that produce finger-like or warty projections are called

A

papilloma

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6
Q

bening tumors from glandular epithelium are called

A

adenoma

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7
Q

often, if cancer starts in the lungs, it will then spread to the

A

adrenal glands

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8
Q

benign tumors from germ cells are called ______ and are present in _____ or _______

A

teratoma, gonads or memediastinum

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9
Q

______ is a benign tumor resulting from localized, disordered differentiation of tissues

A

hamartoma

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10
Q

“Carcinoma” is

A

malignant cancer of epithelial cells

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11
Q

“sarcoma” is

A

malignant of mesenchymal cells

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12
Q

what is the histogenesis of hodgkin’s disease

A

unknown cell origin

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13
Q

Two basic components of tumors

A
  1. parenchyma(proliferating cells)
  2. stroma (connective tissue)
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14
Q

Anasplasia

A

lack of differentiation

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15
Q

T or F
Benign tumors are well differentiated

A

T

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16
Q

T or F
Malignant tumors are NEVER differentiated

A

False .
Malignant tumors range from well-differentiated to undifferentiated

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17
Q

prognosis if keratin is present

A

good prognosis

18
Q

The well differentiated cancers evolve from…

A

maturation or specialization of undifferentiated cells as they proliferate

19
Q

the undifferentiated malignant tumors derive from…

A

proliferation without maturation of the transformed cell

20
Q

Features of anaplasia:

A
  1. size and shape variety
  2. enlarged nuclei
  3. Atypical mitoses
  4. Tumor giant cells
  5. Orientation of anaplastic cells disturbed
21
Q

Dysplasia

A

loss of the uniformity of the individual cells
-dysplasia does not always lead to cancer

22
Q

is there invasion of the basement membrane in dysplasia?

A

no

23
Q

Carcinoma insitu

A

when dysplasia involves all the thickness of an epithelium

24
Q

Do bening tumors grow slowly or quickly?

A

slowly and during this process they develop a fibrous capsule that separated them from adjacent tissues

25
Q

fibrous capsule is found in malignant or benign tumors?

A

benign

26
Q

pathways of spread for malignant tumors

A
  1. Direct seeding
  2. Lympathic spread
  3. hematogenous spread
27
Q

Direct seeding

A

when a malignant tumor penetrates into a cavity.
ex: ovarian carcinoma metastasize in the peritoneal cavity forming pseudomyxoma peritonei

28
Q

Lymphatic spread

A

the pattern of lymph node involvement follows the natural route of drainage

29
Q

which is the most common pathway of spread for malignant tumors?

A

lymphatic spread
- usually carcinomas

30
Q

where does carcinoma of the lung metastasize first?

A

to the perihilar tracheobronchial and mediastinal nodes

31
Q

where does carcinoma of the breast metastasize first?

A

lymph nodes of axilla

32
Q

where is the development of the most common breast cancer?

A

left breast, upper outer quadrant
metastasizing occurs in the regional lymph nodes

33
Q

most common pathway for sarcomas to spread?

A

hematogenous spread

34
Q

which vessels are more easily penetrated by cancer cells?

A

veins and venules are easily penetrated by cancer cells because they have thinner walls compared to arteries and arterioles

35
Q

most common site of metastasis ? why?

A

liver and lungs because all portal drainage flows to the liver and all caval blood flows to the lungs

36
Q

does increased blood supply increase cancer growth?

A

Yes,
increased blood supply= increased cancer growth

37
Q

most common benign tumor

A

Leiomyomas (smooth muscle fibroid tumors)
-grown rapidly during pregnancy by atrophy during menopause

38
Q

the growth rate of tumors correlated with their level of ________

A

differentiation
-most malignant tumors grow more rapidly than do benign lesions

39
Q

the growth rate of tumors is related to?

A

the growth rate of tumors is related to the fact that more cells are produced than die in a given time.

-tumor cells do not necessarily proliferate at a faster rate than their normal counterparts

40
Q

incidence of cancer in men/women

A

1.prostate/breast
2.lungs
3.colorectal

41
Q

mortality rate of cancer in men/women

A
  1. lungs
  2. prostate/breast
  3. colorectal
42
Q

1 most common cancer in children

A

acute leukemias

GNMD Q4 (3 decks)

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