wk 2 - gait cycle and temporal - spatial parameters Flashcards
1 step is
heel contact of one limb to heel contact of the opposite limb
1 stride is
heel contact of one limb to heel contact of the same limb (gait cycle)
what is the terminology of limbs when assessing gait
ipsilateral limb- usually one under investigation, initial contact limb
contralateral limb- the opposite leg
phase and event and their % of the gait cycle
initial contact (event)- 0% of cycle
loading response (period) 0-10%
opposite toe off (event) 10-12%
mid stance (period) 12-32%
heel rise (event) 32%
terminal stance (period) 32-50%
opposite initial contact (event) 50%
pre swing (period) 50-60%
toe off (event) 60-62%
initial swing (period) 62-77%
feet adjacent (event) 77%
mid swing (period) 77-86%
tibia vertical (event) 86%
terminal swing (period) 86-100%
terminal contact (event) 0%
initial contact what movements occur ?
hip- maximally flexed from end of swing phase (20deg) .
Knee- full extension from swing phase
ankle- dorsiflexed into a neutral and supinated position end of swing
loading response what is happening for the limb and what movements occur?
Limb accepts weight, Joints are flexing (controlled collapse) – this attenuates shock
Hip- begin to extend (moves from around 2o to 15 deg flexed)
knee- flexion to 15 degrees
ankle - plantarflexes to make ground contact (5 deg), pronation and internal tibial rotation occurs
opposite toe off what is happening
End of double support and the beginning of single support.
hip- extending (still in a flexed orientation)
knee-flexion
ankle- Plantarflexion causes forefoot to be flat, also pronated and internal tibial rotation have peaked.
mid stance what happens and movements that occur
Weight is fully accepted on stance limb (single support) Body progresses over stationary foot,
Hip- extension (neutral position, shifts into an extended orientation)
knee- begins to extend after peak stance phase flexion
ankle- dorsiflexion as tibia moves forward and supination- external rotation of tibia
heel rise and terminal stance what movements occur
hip- extension peak (orientated in extension)
knee- full extension peak
ankle- dorsiflexion peak after heel rise, supination- external tibial rotation
early heel lift can be a result of
a tight soleus (bouncy gait)
opposite initial contact what happens and what movements occur
The end of the period of single support and the second period of double support.
hip- flexion begins after reaching peak extension
knee- flexion after peak extension
ankle- plantarflexion (locking of mid tarsal joint as it weightbears), hind foot inversion and tibial external rotation
pre swing/toe off what happens
Limb is rapidly unloading, stance phase ends and swing begins.
hip- flexion
knee- flexion (30 degrees)
ankle- peak ankle plantarflexion after toe off (20 deg)
initial swing what movements occur
Hip- flexion
Knee- flexion 40-60 degrees assisted by the hip (passive)
ankle- begins to dorsiflex for ground clearance (still in plantarflexion orientation)
feet adjacent what happens and what movements
The swinging leg (ipsilateral) passes the stance leg (contralateral).
Hip- continues flexion (moving into flexed orientation)
knee- after early peak swing flexion (60 deg) passive extension begins (no muscular contraction, pendulum)
ankle- dorsiflexion for toe clearance
mid swing what happens
hip- flexion - moving to max flexion at 20 degrees
knee- passive extension - moving to full extension
ankle- dorsiflexion into neutral position
