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PPT > WK 2: Cardiorespiratory > Flashcards

WK 2: Cardiorespiratory Flashcards

1
Q

3 main DDx for chest pain

A

ACS
PE
dissection

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2
Q

medications for angina (5)

A
  • BB /Ca antagonist
  • nicorandil
  • short acting nitrate
  • aspirin
  • lipid lowering drug
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3
Q

beta blockers=

A

negative inotrope and negative chronotrope

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4
Q

inotrope=

A

contraction force

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5
Q

chronotrope=

A

HR

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6
Q

B1 in

A

heart

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7
Q

B2 in

A

lungs

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8
Q

heart specific BB

A

bisprolol

metoprolol

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9
Q

lung and peripheral arteries BB

A

amlodipine

propanolol

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10
Q

what is special about carvedilol

A

also blocks adrenoreceptors

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11
Q

adverse features of BB

A
  • dizziness, fatigue, impotence
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia/ heart block
  • masks hypoglycaemia
  • impotence
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12
Q

adverse features of calcium channel blockers (4)

A

headache
reflex tachycardia
peripheral oedema
constipation

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13
Q

nitrates=

A

prodrugs converted into NO

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14
Q

how do nitrates work

A

vasodilator in veins more than arteries decreasing preload

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15
Q

which areas do nitrates have a preferential effect for

A

areas of ischaemia

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16
Q

oral nitrates metabolised via

A

first pass

17
Q

sub-lingual nitrates used because

A

bypass first pass

18
Q

why don’t you prescribe nitrates at regular intervals

A

as need a nitrate free period at night as body becomes tolerant

19
Q

SE of nitrates (5)

A
  • hypotension
  • headache,
  • facial flushing,
  • reflex tachycardia
  • tolerance
20
Q

aspirin MOA

A

inhibits COX 1 preventing thromboxane from working

21
Q

aspirin effect on COX-2

A

requires higher quanities to be anti-inflammatory

22
Q

SE of aspirin

A

GI irritation

bronchospasm

23
Q

ischaemic ECG changes

A

ST depression
T wave inversion
New heart blocks
Arrhythmias

24
Q

NSTEMI management (6)

A 
Morphine 
Oxygen - only if hypoxic 
Nitrates 
aspirin 
antithrombin therapy
25
Q

standard ECG strip=

A

10 seconds

26
Q

when to offer rhythm control with AF

A
  • reversible cause
  • HF secondary to AF
  • new onset
  • atrial flutter suitable for ablation
27
Q

when to offer rate control for AF

A

no obvious cause

IHD

28
Q

drug treatment for AF (5)

A

bb
Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
digoxin
amiodarone

29
Q

amiodarone=

A

membrane stabilizer, poorly understood

30
Q

where does digoxin work

A

Na/Ca exchanger

31
Q

effect of digoxin

A

positive inotropic

negative chronotropic

32
Q

what is adrenalines role in the cardiac arrest algorithm

A

constricts peripheral vasculature to maintain brain and heart perfusion

33
Q

when is amiodarone used

A

stable wide complex tachycardia

after failed cardioversion

PPT (8 decks)

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