Wk 1 Pt 2 - Acute phase Flashcards
Why do you need to control inflammatory symptoms?
- necessary for optimal repair (start the cascade of chemical reactions for repair)
- removal of cell debris
- Inflammation that lasts longer will delay the proliferative phase and lead to further delays in the healing process and RTS journey
- Controlling symptoms of inflammation is important for optimal repair and also to trigger mechanism of biological healing of the damaged tissue, also to remove the waste product and necrotic material to let fresh blood and healing material enter.
What happens after an injury? [6]
Harry Explains Muggle Relations He Puke Maggots
- Haemorrhage (an escape of blood from a ruptured vessel)
- Edema (swelling that is caused by fluid in your body’s tissues)
- Muscle spasm
- Reduced Blood flow
- Hypoxia (a condition where not enough oxygen makes it to the cells and tissues in the body)
- Pain leads to muscle spasm
What is the process like after an injury?(H.E.M.R.H.P.M)
- The part where tissue damage happens will experience an increased flow of blood, increased swelling which is edema, the local muscle spasm will happen and when it happens, it tends to constrict the vessels cause insufficient oxygen to get to the tissue which leads to hypoxia
- Collectively, the tissue trauma, hypoxia, muscle spasm provokes a lot of pain, and the pain automatically leads to a reactionary muscle spasm. And if not checked, a cycle of pain will not be broken
What happens when there is a longer inflammatory phase?
Weaker scar tissue
What happens where there is too long immobilization? [4]
Emily’s Joints Run Deep
- excess scarring (the scar tissue will be weak, will not be stronger, increased likelihood of becoming weaker)
- joint adhesions
- reduced muscle functions
- detraining effects
How to break the pain-spasm-pain cycle?
PRICEMMM
- Activity restriction
- Cryotherapy - use of extreme cold to freeze and remove abnormal tissue
- Compression - Elastic
- Elevation - gravity
How do you speed up healing and restore function?
Apply thermotherapy: electrophysical agents
Electrophysical agents are those modalities that administer thermal, mechanical, electrical or light energy to the patient physiological effects and therapeutic benefits.
Why do you apply thermotherapy?
- Increases tissue temperature (brings more circulation)
- Promotes perfusion (brings in more nutrients, oxygen as the blood flow increases)
- Increases metabolic activity
- Promotes tissues healing
- Pain relief
- Decreases muscle tone and joint stiffness (joints feel more mobile)
What is the different types of thermotherapy?
- Superficial
2. Deep
How does superficial thermotherapy work?
It raises temperature up to 3cm below the skin.
- leads to some pain relief
- leads to some superficial and smaller joints
What are the types of superficial thermotherapy? [3]
Harry Pees Far
- Heat Packs (apply for 15-20 mins)
- Paraffin Wax Bath
- FAR infrared (the gentle radiant heat is able to penetrate about 3-4 cm beneath the skin)
What are the deep thermotherapy modalities?
- Short-wave diathermy
- electromagnetic waves (treatment that uses electromagnetic energy to produce deep heating in joints and soft tissues)
- high freq electromagnetic waves (10-100mHz) - Therapeutic Ultrasound - acoustic energy
How does the thermotherapy work?
- negative and positive ions in the tissues move towards -ve and +ve electrodes
- kinetic energy of ion movement -> heat energy
What are the physiological effects of short wave diathermy?
- Non-thermal effects
2. Thermal effects
What are the non-thermal effects?
- Promote macrophage activity
- Commonest activity performed by macrophages is phagocytosis (Macrophages are specialised cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms) - Promote fibroblast growth
- wound healing - Promote collagen synthesis
- Increase microvascular perfusion
- Reduce intracellular oedema
