Wk 1 - Clin Reas, Pt Hx, Cul Humil, SOAP

Question 1

Probability of Diagnosis

Answer 1

Determines testing and treatment

Question 2

Probability of diagnosis includes thresholds ___ and area between them represents _____.

Answer 2

Testing threshold
Treatment threshold
Area between them represents “clinical uncertainty”.
Test results will enable you to cross a threshold.

Question 3

Testing and Treatment Thresholds are not static and are impacted by:

Answer 3

Thresholds are impacted by risk and benefit of treatment and seriousness of condition.

Question 4

Initial step in evaluating a diagnostic test

Answer 4

Determine VALIDITY of results

Question 5

2x2 Table is the basic format for ___

Answer 5

evaluating performance of a diagnostic test.

Question 6

2x2 Table helps determine how much the _____ will revise _______

Answer 6

2x2 table determines how much test results will revise the probability of a disease.

Question 7

Sensitivity is:

Answer 7

The probability that a person with disease has a positive test

Question 8

Sensitivity is also known as

Answer 8

…the true positive rate.

Question 9

Specificity is:

Answer 9

…the probability that a non-diseased person has a negative test

Question 10

Specificity is also known as

Answer 10

…the true negative rate.

Question 11

Sensitivity is represented by the equation…

Answer 11

a/(a + c) in the disease present column of the 2 × 2 table.

Question 12

Specificity is represented by the equation…

Answer 12

d/(b + d) in the disease absent column of the 2 × 2 table

Question 13

Highly SENSITIVE test has a very high/low….

Answer 13

high sensitivity: very low false-negative rate

Question 14

Highly SPECIFIC test has a very high/low…

Answer 14

high specificity: very low false-positive rate

Question 15

A SENSITIVE test with a NEGATIVE result…

Answer 15

A SENSITIVE test with a NEGATIVE result RULES OUT disease.

Question 16

A SPECIFIC test with a POSITIVE result…

Answer 16

A SPECIFIC test with a POSITIVE result RULES IN disease.

Question 17

SnNOUT means:

Answer 17

A SENSITIVE test with a NEGATIVE result RULES OUT disease.

Question 18

SpPIN

Answer 18

A SPECIFIC test with a POSITIVE result RULES IN disease.

Question 19

The positive predictive value (PPV) is:

Answer 19

The positive predictive value (PPV) is the probability that a person with a positive test HAS disease, represented as a/(a + b) from the test positive row in the 2 × 2 table.

Question 20

The negative predictive value (NPV) is:

Answer 20

The negative predictive value (NPV) is the probability that a person with a negative test does NOT have disease, represented as d/(c + d) in the test negative row in the 2 × 2 table.

Question 21

Positive predictive value and negative predictive value are impacted by the variable…

Answer 21

Positive predictive value and negative predictive value are impacted by the prevalence of disease in the population

Question 22

Likelihood ratio is the…

Answer 22

Likelihood ratio is the probability of obtaining a given test result in a diseased patient divided by the probability of obtaining a given test result in a non-diseased patient.

Question 23

Likelihood ratio: A lower value…

Answer 23

Likelihood ratio: A lower value (much <1) indicates that the negative test is much more likely to be coming from a non-diseased person than from a diseased person, increasing our confidence that a person with a negative result does not have disease.

Question 24

Likelihood ratio: A higher value…

Answer 24

Likelihood ratio: A higher value (much >1) indicates that a positive test is much more likely to be coming from a diseased person than from a non-diseased person, increasing our confidence that a person with a positive result has disease.

Question 25

The likelihood ratio for a positive test is the ratio:

Answer 25

The likelihood ratio for a positive test is the ratio of the probability of getting a positive test result in a diseased person divided by the probability of getting a positive test result in a non-diseased person. HIGHER value increases confidence that the person with a positive result has disease.

Question 26

The likelihood ratio for a negative test is the ratio:

Answer 26

The likelihood ratio for a negative test is the ratio of the probability of getting a negative test result in a diseased person divided by the probability of getting a a negative test result in a non-diseased person. LOWER value increases confidence that a person with a negative result does not have the disease.