Wiz Flashcards
What are the four main types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
True or False: Enzymes are a type of carbohydrate.
False
Fill in the blank: The building blocks of proteins are called __________.
amino acids
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
To provide energy and structural support.
Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleic acids
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids? A) Energy storage B) Insulation C) Catalysis D) Cell membrane structure
C) Catalysis
What type of bond joins amino acids together?
Peptide bond
True or False: All proteins are enzymes.
False
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into energy in cells is called __________.
cellular respiration
Which biomolecule is composed of fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipids
What is the primary structure of proteins determined by?
The sequence of amino acids.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A) Sucrose B) Glucose C) Starch D) Cellulose
B) Glucose
True or False: DNA is single-stranded.
False
What is the role of ATP in cells?
To provide energy for cellular processes.
Fill in the blank: The __________ structure of a protein refers to its three-dimensional shape.
tertiary
What are enzymes primarily made of?
Proteins
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids? A) Soluble in water B) Insoluble in water C) Made of amino acids D) Polymer of nucleotides
B) Insoluble in water
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
To synthesize proteins.
True or False: Carbohydrates can serve as signaling molecules.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ model describes the structure of the cell membrane.
fluid mosaic
What type of reaction forms polymers from monomers?
Dehydration synthesis
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide? A) Fructose B) Lactose C) Glucose D) Glycogen
B) Lactose
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
To synthesize new DNA strands during replication.
True or False: All nucleotides contain a phosphate group.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic unit of life.
cell
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
To maintain membrane fluidity.
Multiple Choice: Which biomolecule is primarily involved in immune responses? A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Proteins D) Nucleic acids
C) Proteins
Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
True or False: The secondary structure of proteins includes alpha helices and beta sheets.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ of a protein is determined by its amino acid sequence.
primary structure
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
To bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of proteins? A) Energy storage B) Structural support C) Catalysis D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
True or False: Glycogen is a form of energy storage in plants.
False
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of cellular respiration.
mitochondria
What type of bond forms between the nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Hydrogen bond
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? A) They are consumed in reactions B) They increase the activation energy C) They are specific to substrates D) They work at any temperature
C) They are specific to substrates
What is the term for the sequence of nucleotides in DNA?
Genetic code
True or False: Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.
True
Fill in the blank: The process of protein synthesis is called __________.
translation
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids? A) Store genetic information B) Provide energy C) Catalyze biochemical reactions D) Structural support
A) Store genetic information
What is the key difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.
True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.
False
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the powerhouse of the cell.
mitochondria
What type of biomolecule are enzymes classified as?
Proteins
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A) Glucose B) Fructose C) Cellulose D) Sucrose
C) Cellulose
What is the function of the lysosome?
To digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.
True or False: All cells have a nucleus.
False
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a semi-permeable barrier surrounding the cell.
cell membrane
What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?
Cellulose
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates? A) Energy source B) Structural support C) Hormone regulation D) Cell recognition
C) Hormone regulation
What type of bond links nucleotides in a DNA strand?
Phosphodiester bond
True or False: RNA contains thymine as one of its nitrogenous bases.
False
Fill in the blank: The __________ reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers.
hydrolysis
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
To synthesize and modify proteins.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is considered a macromolecule? A) Water B) Glucose C) DNA D) Oxygen
C) DNA
What is the primary role of chlorophyll in plants?
To absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
True or False: All biomolecules are organic compounds.
True
Fill in the blank: __________ are the primary energy carriers in cells.
ATP
What is the role of the cell membrane?
To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.
Multiple Choice: Which type of cell lacks a nucleus? A) Eukaryotic B) Prokaryotic C) Plant D) Animal
B) Prokaryotic
What is the main function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
To form the core of the ribosome’s structure and catalyze protein synthesis.
True or False: All proteins function as catalysts.
False
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
chloroplast
What is the significance of the cell cycle?
It regulates cell growth, DNA replication, and division.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) Protein synthesis B) Lipid synthesis C) DNA replication D) ATP production
B) Lipid synthesis
What is the term for the process of converting mRNA into a protein?
Translation
True or False: Phospholipids have hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins.
Golgi apparatus
What is the role of the cytoskeleton?
To provide structural support and shape to the cell.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is true about prokaryotic cells? A) They have membrane-bound organelles B) They are typically larger than eukaryotic cells C) They lack a nucleus D) They contain multiple chromosomes
C) They lack a nucleus
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
True or False: The primary structure of a protein is its three-dimensional shape.
False
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the cell responsible for energy production.
mitochondria
What is the basic unit of life?
Cell
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of nucleic acids? A) They are composed of amino acids B) They store genetic information C) They are hydrophobic D) They are used for energy storage
B) They store genetic information
What is the function of the plasma membrane in cells?
To regulate what enters and exits the cell.
True or False: Proteins can function as enzymes.
True
Fill in the blank: __________ are molecules that speed up chemical reactions.
Enzymes
What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide structure and protection.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Enzyme activity B) Energy storage C) Cell signaling D) Structural support
B) Energy storage
