Wireless Flashcards
Wireless Networking Technology First Usage
Wireless networking technology was first used by the US military during World War II to transmit data over an RF medium using classified encryption technology to send battle plans across enemy lines
Spread Spectrum Radio Technologies
The Spread Spectrum Radio Technologies often used in today’s WLANs were originally patented during the era of World War II, although they were not implemented until almost two decades later.
ALOHAnet
Developed in the 1970s by the University of Hawaii, it was the first wireless network, used to wirelessly communicate data between the Hawaiian Islands.
ALOHAnet 2
The technology used in ALOHAnet is often credited as a building block for the Medium Access Control (MAC) technologies of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection used in Ethernet and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance used in 802.11 radios
Commercialization
In the 1990s, commercial networking vendors began to produce low-speed wireless data networking products, most of which operated in the 900 MHz frequency band.
Standardization of WLAN
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers began to discuss standardizing WLAN technologies in 1991
Standardization of WLAN continued
In 1997, the IEEE ratified the original 802.11 standard that is the foundation of the WLAN technologies
Home Usage
In 1999, the IEEE defined higher data speeds with the 802.11b amendment. The introduction of data rates as high as 11 Mbps, along with the price decreases, ignited the sales of wireless home networking routers in the small office, home office (SOHO) marketplace.
Federal communications Communion
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates communications within the United States as well as communications to and from the United States. The FCC is responsible for regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.
Licensed and unlicensed Spectrum
The FCC regulates two types of spectrum. The licensed and unlicensed spectrum. The difference being that unlicensed users do not have to do through the license application procedures before they can install a wireless system. Both Licensed and unlicensed communications are typically regulated in the following areas :
Frequency
Bandwidth
Maximum power of the intentional radiator (IR)
Maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP)
Spectrum sharing rules
International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector
The United Nations has tasked the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) with global spectrum management. The ITU-R strives to ensure interference free communications on land, sea, and in the skies.
ITU-R Regions
The ITU-R maintains a database of worldwide frequncy assignments through five administrative regions.
Region A : The Americas Region B : Western Europe Region C : Eastern Europe and Northern Asia Region D : Africa Region E : Asia and Australasia
ITU-R Radio regulatory
In addition to the five administrative regions, the ITU-R defines three radio regulartory regions. These three regions are defined geographically, as show in the following list :
Region 1 : Europe, Middle East, and Africa
Region 2 : Americas
Region 3 : Asia and Oceania
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, commonly known as the IEEE, is a global professional society with around 400,000 members in 160 countries. The IEEE’s mission is to “foster technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity”. The IEEE is best known for its LAN standards, the IEEE 802 project.
Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force, commonly known as the IETF, is an international community of people in the networking industry whose goal is to make the Internet work better. The mission of the IETF, as defined by the organization in a document known as the RFC 3935, is “to produce high quality, relevant technical and engineering documents that influence the way people design, use, and manage the Internet in such a way as to make the Internet work better. These documents include protocol standards, best current practices, and information documents of various kinds.”
