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Cluster Winter Quarter Midterm > Winter Quarter Midterm > Flashcards

Winter Quarter Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

genetic determinism

A

the idea that human qualities are genetically determined by genetic code alone

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2
Q

phenotype

A

physical characteristics

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3
Q

genotype

A

genetic code

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4
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur with a DNA change

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5
Q

the promoter region

A

portion of DNA upstream from a gene, where transcription factors bind to enable RNA polymerase to start a transcription

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6
Q

epigenetic marks/tags

A

changes on how our cells interpret the information in our DNA

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7
Q

PBB (polybrominated Biphenyls)

A

a type of POP that is a flame suppressant

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8
Q

POP (persistant Organic Pollutant)

A

toxin resulting from a manufacturing process which remains in the environment for years

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9
Q

endocrine disruptore

A

chemicals that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones in the body

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10
Q

epidemiology

A

study of health patterns an their causes

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11
Q

DOHD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease)

A

early life conditions shape development with health outcomes observed later in life

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12
Q

PTSD

A

complex interplay between genes and environment

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13
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

A

a body system involved in stress responses

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14
Q

Forms of Transmission across Generations

A

utero, parental care, and chemical changes in the germline

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15
Q

Utero form of transmission

A

direct effect of trauma on maternal sress hormone (direct exposure)

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16
Q

parent care transmission

A

trauma affects parents’ care which influences the health and behavior of offspring in the absence of exposure

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17
Q

chemical changes in the germline transmission

A

trauma and other environmental exposure might permananetly alter the cell line production of gametes (eggs and sperm) for many generations through epigenetic marks (inheritance)

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18
Q

germline

A

line of cells that produce eggs and sperm

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19
Q

Histone modification (DNA Acetylation)

A

activates and enhances transcription

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20
Q

green revolution

A

agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds and fertilizers and practices

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21
Q

racial logic

A

creation and maintenance of racial order

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22
Q

malthusian

A

overpopulation is the root cause of poverty, illness, and warfare

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23
Q

molecularization/molecularized marketing

A

focusing on eating for key components or outcomes, food is seen only as something that shapes our bodies (yogurt commercials)

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24
Q

settler colonialism

A

immigrants seize land from indigenous population and become dominant population

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25
Q

biopiracy

A

theft of biological materials

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26
Q

bio-prospecting

A

discovery and patent of biological matter (generally in agriculture and seeds)

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27
Q

bio-colonialism

A

taking biological knowledge or resources for profit and without consent, especially from indigenous and marginalized communities

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28
Q

terra nullius

A

land that belongs to no one

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29
Q

Nutritional epigenetics

A

food type and availability during critical periods affect pattern of gene expression

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30
Q

agouti mouse model

A

model of genetically identical mice with an epigenetic mutation

31
Q

qualified health claims

A

health claims in which there is no establishing evidence, nor endorsed by the FDA

32
Q

neoliberalism in food

A

encourages consumers to take care of their own health, which drives health food markets

33
Q

milieu

A

environment;setting

34
Q

individual refusal

A

one eats the “right things” and one’s health is a product of the consumer’s choices

35
Q

food as a miasma

A

food is metabolic information, it is communication to the body and a point of potential exposure to/through food systems and decisions

36
Q

capital interests

A

economic right attached to a partnership giving a partner the right to receive cash or property in the event the partnership liquidates

37
Q

microbiome

A

the study of naturally occurring organisms in a particular habitat

38
Q

commensal microbiome

A

the diverse community of microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and worms) that coexist with barrier tissues without causing damage

39
Q

micorbe

A

organism invisible to the naked eye, especially one that causes disease

40
Q

fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)

A

medical procedure that transplants small samples of poop from a healthy colon to a diseased colon and helps the diseased colon due to healthy microbiota

41
Q

holobiont

A

the human host and all of its resident microbiota

42
Q

disease of civilization

A

proximate sickness resulting from ultimate factors linked from “development”

43
Q

hygiene hypothesis (jeff leach)

A

idea that modern industrialized world disconnects us from the natural world and the important microbes we need

44
Q

optimal nutrition

A

ideas promoted by the neoliberal health model that food can be designed and marketed for the best possible help impact/ up to consumers to be responsible for the food they eat and the health that results of that food

45
Q

ecological stewardship

A

caring for the microbiome personally and collectively

46
Q

future flora

A

harvesting kit designed for women to treat and prevent vaginal infections

47
Q

liberatory technology

A

technology that allows citizens to express opinions, mobilize protests, and expand the horizons of freedom

48
Q

feminist technology

A

development of technologies contributing to women’s empowerment

49
Q

autointoxication

A

that idea that human waste and constipation was dangerous and harmful to human guts and represented the product of immortality and industrial dietary habits

50
Q

sacrifice zones

A

areas that are targeted as sites of pollution and industrial development

51
Q

burden of proof

A

the obligation to present evidence to support one’s claim (generally falls on individuals and communities rather than industries)

52
Q

bioaccumulation

A

the accumulation of a substance such as a chemical, in various tissues of the organism

53
Q

threshold theory

A

societies limit chemical pollution quantities to a specific amount, or dilute the precise amount of unsafe exposures to a particular chemical or product to best protect consumers from harm

54
Q

slow violence

A

violence wrought by climate change, toxic drift, deforestation etc, which takes place gradually and invisibly

55
Q

precautionary principle

A

based on the belief that actions should be taken against plausible environmental hazard

56
Q

social determinants of health

A

conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age shaped by the distribution of money, power, national, and local levels

57
Q

linear economy

A

take, make, dispose

58
Q

recycling economy

A

take, make, use, recycle, waste

59
Q

circular economy

A

economy where outputs become future inputs

60
Q

environmental justice

A

the right to clean and health environments, including where we live, work, and place regardless of class, gender, age, etc

61
Q

ableism

A

discrimination of able-bodied people

62
Q

queer theory

A

social theory about gender and sexual identity, emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories

63
Q

sexing

A

model that emphasizes a dynamic process in which organisms have more or less open potentials of sex-related characteristics and behavior

64
Q

body policing

A

any behavior in which (directly and indirectly) attempts to control or correct a person’s actions regarding their own physical body, frequently with regards to gender expression or size

65
Q

euchromatin

A

important genes which need to be expressed in this region of this chromosome, transcription must occur here

66
Q

heterochromatin

A

densely packed chromatin but has repeats in this region (not important for gene expression)

67
Q

epigenetic biosensors

A

animals whose bodies show at a macroscopic scale event happening as the molecular level like the agouti mouse

68
Q

gut/vaginal microbiome

A

bacteria and microorganisms living in a particular area of the body

69
Q

feminist consumerism

A

using social movement language for consumer rather than rights/policy/justice goals

70
Q

idealized metabolic past vs the industrialized gut

A

historical gut has rich diversity based on past lives but now due to modernization (and antibiotics) we have non-diverse guts that lead us to chronic diseases

71
Q

diseases of civilization

A

disease that is prevalent to the trappings of modern life (ex) used to be autointoxication now its obesity and allergies

72
Q

toxic substance control act

A

provides epa with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements and restrictions related to chemical substances

73
Q

EDCS

A

endocrine disrupting chemicals

Cluster Winter Quarter Midterm (1 decks)

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