Winter Flashcards
Permitted contaminants
Thin hoar on top of fuselage, radome, engine exterior
Underside of wing , max 3mm frost
Cold-Soaked Fuel Frost (T)
NOT permitted
Can happen upto +15ºC
LOUT- how much of a buffer on fluid freezing temperature?
What is normal LOUT for Type II/IV
10ºC for Type I
7ºC for Type II/IV
LOUT normally at least -25ºC
Consider wing tank temperature after cold soak
Where can you find HOT tables?
Do HOTs exist for heavy precip?
What about flap extension?
Are variable dilutions allowed?
Any HOT for under wing de-icing?
CWQR Chapter 3
Nope
Some fluids require 25% reduction if flaps extended long before takeoff
No, as HOTs do not exist and behaviour is non-linear
No. Engines may be off for this
Who must perform / supervise engine de-icing?
MOC
Hot airc
Can deicing be performed while boarding still in progress?
Yes, but must be at rear, well away from forward door. Covered steps or jetbridges only
How long must APU bleed use be delayed after de-icing?
5 min
When would you extend slats before de-icing?
Only if ice still present from previous landing
Cautions during de-icing?
Must warn deicing crew if moving flaps
Must not move flight controls / thrust during process
Advisory that deicing complete NOT taxi clearance
What is Local Frost Removal, when can it not be performed?
- Symmetrical
- No precip falling / expected
- No HOT
What should you do if anti-icing is interrupted?
Consider re-de-icing if HOT means starting again is preferrable
Must a post-icing check be peformed?
Must be completed after any treatment
Nomally confirmed via anti-icing code
Should include pitot and static check
* Consider asking directly if this has been done
What four things should be on the Report?
- Type
- Fluid / mixture
- Start time of last step
- “Post Application Check Complete”
Who performs a pre-takeoff check and from where?
- Must be done by looking out cockpit windows to check still protected
- Check still within HOT
- Any doubt- request external contamination check
What is the time limit for a pre-takeoff contamination check?
How many times can it be done?
Who performs it?
What are representative surfaces?
What is a sign of fluid failure?
Less than 5 mins before takeoff commences
Cannot be done twice- re-de-ice
Can be done from cabin by flight crew or outside by qualified personnel
* Consider dimming lights
* Windows cannot be fogged or dirty
* Wing lights if necessary
* Precip cannot block visiblity
Repesentative surfaces
* Unheated critical surface
* Illuminated surface
* Both sides
Fluid failure- opaque or blotchy
When should fuel temp be monitored in flight?
What is freezing point of Jet A1?
When SAT below -65ºC
-43ºC (+54ºC)
Where will true altitude be when OAT below ISA?
Below what temperature should a correction be carried out?
What should be corrected?
True altitude below indicated
Below -10ºC
Corrections
* Minima (DA/MDA)
* FAF
* Minimum altitudes after FAF (NPA only)
* ATC to be informed
Table in OMA 8.1
What effects do cold temperatures have on take off perf?
Positive effects
Lower GS for a given IAS
* better ASD / TDR
* better margins for tyre speed / brake energy
OAT does not effect thrust for a given flex
Definition (3) of contaminated runway?
- Not thin fluid
- Hard contaminant
- 25% or more of one thirdW
What three conditions can you not takeoff or dispatch to?
- Wet ice
- Water on top of compacted snow
- Dry snow or Wet snow over ice
Why might a RWYCC be downgraded
For takeoff, to account for non-standard contaminant thicknesses
When can a SNOWTAM be issued?
Max validity?
Anything over 3mm
Can be issued in summer
8 h
How can you tell a runway is Slippery When Wet?
- Not reported as a downgrade per se
- Reported as WET but RWYCC3
Be vigilant for frost
Which RWYCC is standing water?
What is Airbus’s max depth permitted?
RWYCC 2
13mm
! Caution- no limit for standing water depth, runway may still be open but not permissible to land there
What should you do in changeable conditions?
Anticipate degradation
Set a threshold at which you cannot land
Vigilant for wind changes (if becomes less favourable)
Landing considerations in contaminated runways?
- Consider divert if any failure
- Conf FULL, no Vapp addition unless required
- Monitor late wind changes (if less favourable)
- Drag and reverse most efficient at high speed
- Get down as quick as possible, get nose down
- Rev max cancelled at 70 as normal unless in an overrun
- Do not try for the RET if this will decrease lateral control
