Winemaking

Question 1

What are the 3 steps of making Port?

Answer 1

1. Fermentation
2. Fortification
3. Maturation

Question 2

At what ABV is port fermentation stopped after 24-36hrs?

Answer 2

5-9%

Question 3

Why is extensive extraction required for port?

Answer 3

As fermentation is not long

Question 4

What are 3 techniques used in extraction for port?

Answer 4

1. Foot treading
2. Autovinifies
3. Piston Plunger/Robotic Lagares

Question 5

Why is foot treading so expensive?

Answer 5

Labour intensive

large team 3-4 hours

Question 6

What extraction method happens after foot treading?

Answer 6

Cap punched down

Question 7

What port extraction technique is similar to pump over?

Answer 7

Autovinifiers

Question 8

How often is an autovinifier used?

Answer 8

Every 15-20mins

Question 9

Would pre fermentation extraction be used a lot before autovinifier?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What do the robotic pistons imitate?

Answer 10

Imitate foot treading

Question 11

What technique is used for making premium port?

Answer 11

Treading

Question 12

What abv is fortification performed at?

Answer 12

19-22%

Question 13

What is aguardente & what is it’s ABV?

Answer 13

Fortification spirit 77%

Question 14

Why is port transferred to Vila Nova de Gaia for maturation?

Answer 14

Cooler coastal climate

Question 15

What type of port has minimal oxidation in large oak vessels?

Answer 15

Ruby

Question 16

What type of port has a lot of oxidation in large oak vessels?

Answer 16

Tawny

Question 17

What 2 types of port would have bottle maturation?

Answer 17

LBV

Vintage