Winemaking Flashcards
What trellising system is mostly used in BDX?
Guyot Double
How much sugar is needed to make approximately 1% ABV?
17 grams
What is Anthocyanin?
Phenolic pigments that give red wine its color.
What is Remontage?
French term for the process of pulling out wine from underneath the cap of grape skins and then pumping it back over the cap in order to stimulate maceration.
What is Vin de presse?
The dark, tannic wine produced from pressing the cap of grape skins.
How many liters does a Barrique Bordelaise hold?
225 L
How many liter does a Tonneau hold?
900 L
How many barriques equal a Tonneau
4
How many cases (of 12 bottles) does a barrique hold?
25
What is grains rôtis?
Grapes fully affected by botrytis
What is racking?
Moving from one barrel to another in order to aerate the wine, and get rid of residue.
Why is Semillon considered to be most important in Sauternes
It is very prone to Botrytis
How much does a Chopine bottle hold?
0,25L - 1/3-bottle
How much does a Demi bottle hold?
0,375 - 1/2-bottle
How much does a Magnum bottle hold?
1,5L - 2 bottles
How much does a Marie Jeanne bottle hold?
2,25L - 3 bottles
How much does a Jeroboam bottle hold?
4,5L - 6 bottles (differs from Champagne & Bourgogne which is 4 bottles)
How much does an Imperial bottle hold?
6L - 8 bottles
How much does a Salmanazar bottle hold?
9L - 12 bottles
How much does a Balthazar bottle hold?
12L - 16 bottles
How much does a Nebuchadnezzar bottle hold?
15L - 20 bottles
How much does a Melchior bottle hold?
18L -24 bottles
Name the allowed grape varieties according to AOC Sauternes
Sémillion
Sauvignon
Muscadelle
What is the minimum alcohol content of Sauternes?
13%
When was cryoextraction first used in Sauternes?
1985
How many hectares are planted in Sauternes
2.200 ha
Which village is allowed to choose between its on name and Sauternes?
Barsac
How many bottles does a Barrique Bordelaise make?
300 bottles (= 900 L)
What is aldehyde and how does it affect a wine?
Aldehyde develops when alcohol oxidizes and creates vinegar. Too much of the common aldehyde in wine ‘acetaldehyde’ makes a wine smell like Sherry.
How is bentonite used in wine-making - and what is it?
It is a fine clay type that is used as a fining agent in wine before bottling to clarify the wine.
What is coulure? What does it do?
A physiological disorder in vines after periods of cold/warm and dry/wet conditions in Spring. It makes the foilage (leaves) grow while the grapes don’t develop. Then they dry up and fall off.
What role does débourbage play in wine-making?
It’s when you let the skins, pips and other solids drop to the bottom of a vat of wine. Usually done before fermentation for white wines.
What is lactic acid?
A common acid that develops in wine during the malolactic fermentation that transforms the harsh malic acid into the softer dairy-smelling lactic acid.
Oxidized aromas are common notes in Sherry. What aromas does maderized wines have?
Reductive aromas! Reductive wines have had too little exposure to air and has dirty and sulphur-like smells.
What is the point of saignée?
It means letting some of the grape must run off early in the winemaking process to concentrate the remaining crushed grapes.
