Wine Basics Flashcards
What influences flavor?
Viticulture, Grape Varietal and Viniculture
Define Viniculture
art and science of winemaking
Define Viticulture
Terroir, art and science of growing grapes, encompasses all environmental impact
What is vitis veriferas?
wine grapes
What does level of ripeness impact?
acidity, alcohol and body
Define Dirunal Temperature
variations between daytime and nighttime temperature
Why is dirunal temperature important?
allows sugar content and flavor concentration during heat of day while maintaining balanced acidity during the cool night
What are some factors/elements of terroir?
climate, soil composition, terrain, topography
What are the 6 states of winemaking?
harvest, grape processing, fermentation, bulk aging, clarification/conditioning, bottle aging
Which parts of the grape where tannins exist?
stems, seeds, skin
What form is sulfites added to wine?
powder form
What are the functions of sulfites?
preservative, slow’s oxidation and inhibits growth of unwanted bacteria and wild yeast
Define saignee.
bleeding of grapes into white grape juice to impart tannins and stronger flavors
At what temperature yeast goes dormant/stops fermenting?
below 50F
At what temperature do most reds and robust whites ferment?
60F to 95F
Why bulk age?
maintain consistency, more development, flavors to mellow/soften/mature ,harmonizing flavors, manipulate wine
What are some non reactive material
stainless steel, concrete vates, glass lined tanks, wood barrels lined with wax
What does aging in oak contribute?
wood flavors and oxidation flavors
What are some wood flavors?
oak, cedar, cinnamon, sawdust, warm vanilla, smoke, coffee, chocolate, toasted cocunut, nutmeg, cigar box
What are oxidation flavors?
butterscotch, carmelization brown sugar, molasses
What is angel’s share?
oxidation evaporation in barrel 2-5%
Flavors imparted by sur lie
creamy thick mouthfeel
What is conditioning?
manipulating wine characteristics via physical, chemical, and biological means
How does malolactic fermentation happen?
introduction of specialized bacteria strain for secondary fermentation. Adds softness and creaminess
What are the ways to clarify wine?
racking, filtering, and fining(use of egg whites)
What is the formula for alcohol fermentation
sugar + yeast = ethanal + carbon dioxide + heat
Why is acid important in wine?
balances out the sugar level
Why is sugar important in wine?
affect
