Wine Basics

Question 1

What influences flavor?

Answer 1

Viticulture, Grape Varietal and Viniculture

Question 2

Define Viniculture

Answer 2

art and science of winemaking

Question 3

Define Viticulture

Answer 3

Terroir, art and science of growing grapes, encompasses all environmental impact

Question 4

What is vitis veriferas?

Answer 4

wine grapes

Question 5

What does level of ripeness impact?

Answer 5

acidity, alcohol and body

Question 6

Define Dirunal Temperature

Answer 6

variations between daytime and nighttime temperature

Question 7

Why is dirunal temperature important?

Answer 7

allows sugar content and flavor concentration during heat of day while maintaining balanced acidity during the cool night

Question 8

What are some factors/elements of terroir?

Answer 8

climate, soil composition, terrain, topography

Question 9

What are the 6 states of winemaking?

Answer 9

harvest, grape processing, fermentation, bulk aging, clarification/conditioning, bottle aging

Question 10

Which parts of the grape where tannins exist?

Answer 10

stems, seeds, skin

Question 11

What form is sulfites added to wine?

Answer 11

powder form

Question 12

What are the functions of sulfites?

Answer 12

preservative, slow’s oxidation and inhibits growth of unwanted bacteria and wild yeast

Question 13

Define saignee.

Answer 13

bleeding of grapes into white grape juice to impart tannins and stronger flavors

Question 14

At what temperature yeast goes dormant/stops fermenting?

Answer 14

below 50F

Question 15

At what temperature do most reds and robust whites ferment?

Answer 15

60F to 95F

Question 16

Why bulk age?

Answer 16

maintain consistency, more development, flavors to mellow/soften/mature ,harmonizing flavors, manipulate wine

Question 17

What are some non reactive material

Answer 17

stainless steel, concrete vates, glass lined tanks, wood barrels lined with wax

Question 18

What does aging in oak contribute?

Answer 18

wood flavors and oxidation flavors

Question 19

What are some wood flavors?

Answer 19

oak, cedar, cinnamon, sawdust, warm vanilla, smoke, coffee, chocolate, toasted cocunut, nutmeg, cigar box

Question 20

What are oxidation flavors?

Answer 20

butterscotch, carmelization brown sugar, molasses

Question 21

What is angel’s share?

Answer 21

oxidation evaporation in barrel 2-5%

Question 22

Flavors imparted by sur lie

Answer 22

creamy thick mouthfeel

Question 23

What is conditioning?

Answer 23

manipulating wine characteristics via physical, chemical, and biological means

Question 24

How does malolactic fermentation happen?

Answer 24

introduction of specialized bacteria strain for secondary fermentation. Adds softness and creaminess

Question 25

What are the ways to clarify wine?

Answer 25

racking, filtering, and fining(use of egg whites)

Question 26

What is the formula for alcohol fermentation

Answer 26

sugar + yeast = ethanal + carbon dioxide + heat

Question 27

Why is acid important in wine?

Answer 27

balances out the sugar level

Question 28

Why is sugar important in wine?

Answer 28

affect