Windows Fundementals

Question 1

What makes Windows a frequent target for hackers and malware?

Answer 1

Its widespread use in both home and corporate environments makes it a large and attractive target.

Question 2

Which Windows version was a major overhaul but poorly received?

Answer 2

Windows Vista

Question 3

What is the file system used in modern versions of Windows?

Answer 3

NTFS (New Technology File System).

Question 4

What file systems were used before NTFS in Windows?

Answer 4

FAT16, FAT32 (File Allocation Table), and HPFS (High Performance File System).

Question 5

Where are FAT partitions commonly used today?

Answer 5

In USB devices, MicroSD cards, etc., but not typically on personal Windows computers or servers.

Question 6

What type of file system is NTFS?

Answer 6

A journaling file system.

Question 7

What is a key advantage of NTFS as a journaling file system?

Answer 7

It can automatically repair folders/files on disk using information stored in a log file after a failure.

Question 8

What is the maximum file size supported by NTFS?

Answer 8

Files larger than 4GB

Question 9

What is the primary advantage of NTFS over FAT?

Answer 9

NTFS addresses limitations like file size restrictions and adds advanced features such as permissions, compression, and encryption.

Question 10

What are the specific permissions that can be set on NTFS volumes?

Answer 10

Full Control
Modify
Read & Execute
List Folder Contents
Read
Write

Question 11

Which file system allows setting permissions to grant or deny access to files and folders?

Answer 11

NTFS

Question 12

What is an Alternate Data Stream (ADS) in NTFS?

Answer 12

A file attribute specific to NTFS that allows files to contain more than one stream of data.

Question 13

What is the system environment variable for windows directory ?

Answer 13

%windir%

Question 14

What do environment variables do ?

Answer 14

store information about the operating system environment. This information includes details such as the operating system path, the number of processors used by the operating system, and the location of temporary folders

Question 15

Types of users ?

Answer 15

Admin and standard

Question 16

how to open Local User and Group Management ?

Answer 16

lusrmgr.msc

Question 17

What is UAC ? what does it serve

Answer 17

User account control. When a user with an account type of administrator logs into a system, the current session doesn’t run with elevated permissions. When an operation requiring higher-level privileges needs to execute, the user will be prompted to confirm if they permit the operation to run.

Question 18

How to open system configuration and what is it’s purpose ?

Answer 18

msconfig and it serves to detect startup problems

Question 19

How to open Computer Managment and what are it’s sections ?

Answer 19

compmgmt
System tools section
Storage and Services and Apps sections

Question 20

What’s inside the compmgmt System tools section ?

Answer 20

Task Scheduler , Event Viewer

Question 21

What types of Events can be logged ?

Answer 21

Error
Warning
Information
Success Audit - successful logins for example
Failure Audit - Unsuccessful logins for example

Question 22

What are the Standard logs ?

Answer 22

System
Security
Application
CustomLogs