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CE ELEC 2 > Wind Loads > Flashcards

Wind Loads Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. The nature of loads varies essentially with the architectural design, the materials, and the location of the structure.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False. Loading conditions on the same structure is constant with respect to time.

A

False

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3
Q

8 Kinds of Loads on Structures

A
  • Dead Loads
  • Live Loads
  • Wind Load
  • Snow Load
  • Earthquake Load
  • Thermal Loads
  • Settlement Loads
  • Dynamic Loads
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4
Q

consist of the structure’s own weight, plus the weight of any permanent non-structural partitions

A

Dead Loads

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5
Q

consist of all movable objects in a structure

A

Live Loads

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6
Q

The wind acts both on the main _________ and on the individual _____________.

A

structure; cladding units

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7
Q

Structure has to be _______ to resist the horizontal load and _________ to the ground to prevent the whole building from being blown away.

A

braced; anchored

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8
Q

The magnitude of snow loads will depend upon the latitude_______ and _______ of the site.

A

latitude; altitude

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9
Q

What is wind?

A

the term used for air in motion, it is the flow of gases on a large scale cause by differences in pressure wherein air is accelerated from higher to lower pressure.

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10
Q

location of Hurricanes

A

Atlantic and Northeast Pacific

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11
Q

location of Typhoons

A

Northwest Pacific

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12
Q

location of Cyclones

A

South Pacific and Indian Ocean

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13
Q

4 ingredients for storms

A
  • pre-existing weather disturbance
  • warm tropical oceans
  • moisture
    relatively light winds
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14
Q

True or False. Near the Earth’s surface, friction causes the wind to be slower.

A

True

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15
Q

Height above the ground at which the wind speed is virtually unaffected by surface friction

A

1200 ft/366 m

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16
Q

another term for return period

A

Mean Recurrence Interval (MRI)

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17
Q

a statistical measure of how often an event of a certain size is likely to happen

A

return period

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18
Q

MWFRS

A

Main Wind Force Resisting System

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19
Q

C&C

A

Components & Cladding

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20
Q

used to determine basic parameters for determining wind loads on both MWFRS and C&C

A

Section 2017A - General Requirements

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21
Q

basic parameters in section 207A

A
  • Basic Wind Speed, V
  • Wind directionality factor, Kd
  • Exposure category
  • Topographic factor, Kzt
  • Gust Effect Factor
  • Enclosure classification
  • Internal pressure coefficient, GCpi
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22
Q

Wind Loads on the MWFRS may be determined by:

A

Sections 207 B, C, D, F

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23
Q

Wind Loads on the C & C may be determined by:

A

Sections 207 E, F

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24
Q

Section 207B

A

Directional procedure for buildings of all heights

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25
Section 207C
Envelope procedure for low rise buildings
26
Section 207D
Directional procedure for building appurtenances (roof overhangs and parapets) and other structures
27
Section 207F
Wind tunnel procedure for any building or other structure
28
Section 207E
- Envelope procedure in Parts 1 and 2, or - Directional procedure in Parts 3, 4 and 5 - Building appurtenances in Part 6
29
is an acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction
Approved
30
is a three-second gust speed at 10 m above the ground in Exposure C
Basic Wind Speed, V
31
is a building that does not comply with the requirements for open or partially enclosed buildings
Enclosed Building
32
is a cladding, roofing, exterior walls, glazing, door assemblies, window assemblies, and other components enclosing the building
Building Envelope
33
are slender buildings and other structures that have a fundamental natural frequency less than 1 Hz
Flexible Building and Other Structure
34
Low-rise Building are enclosed or partially enclosed buildings that comply with the following conditions:
1. Mean roof height is less than or equal to 18 m | 2. Mean roof height does not exceed least horizontal dimension
35
is a building having each wall at least 80 percent open
Open Building
36
Ao
total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure
37
Ag
gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified
38
Partially Enclosed Building is a building that complies with both of the following conditions:
1. Ao > 1.10Aoi | 2. Ao > 0.37 square meters or 0.01Ag, whichever is smaller, and Aoi/Agi _
39
Aoi
the sum of the areas of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ao
40
Agi
the sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ag
41
is a building or other structure having no unusual geometrical irregularity in spatial form
Regular-shaped Building or Other Structure
42
is a building or other structure whose fundamental frequency is greater than or equal to 1 Hz
Rigid Building or Other Structure
43
is a building in which both windward and leeward wind loads are transmitted by roof and vertically spanning wall assemblies, through continuous floor and roof diaphragms, to the MWFRS
Simple Diaphragm Building
44
is a building with the MWFRS about each principal axis proportiones so that the maximum at each storey under Case 2, the torsional wind load case, of Figure 207B.4-8, does not exceed the maximum displacement at the same location under Case 1 of Figure 207B.4-8, the basic wind load case.
Torsionally Regular Under Wind Load Building
45
are elements of the building envelope that do not qualify as part of the MWFRS
Components & Cladding (C&C)
46
is equivalent static force to be used in the determination of wind loads for other structures
Design Force, F
47
is equivalent static force to be used in the determination of wind loads for buildings
Design Pressure, P
48
is a roof, floor, or other membrane or bracing system acting to transfer lateral forces to the vertical MWFRS
Diaphragm
49
is a procedure for determining wind loads on buildings and other structures for specific wind directions, in which the external pressure coefficients utilized are based on past wind tunnel of prototypical building models for the corresponding direction of wind
Directional Procedure
50
is the distance from the ground surface adjacent to the building to the roof eave line at a particular wall
Eave Height, he
51
is the area used to determine GCp
Effective Wind Area, A
52
is a procedure for determining wind load cases on buildings, in which pseudo-external pressure coefficients are derived from past wind tunnel testing of prototypical building models successively rotated through 360 degrees, such that the pseudo-pressure cases produce key structural actions (uplift, horizontal shear, bending moments, etc.) that envelop their maximum values among all possible wind directions.
Envelope Procedure
53
is also known as scarp, with respect to topographic effects in Section 207A.8 a cliff or steep slope generally separating two levels or gently sloping areas
Escarpment
54
is a roof in an open building with no enclosing walls underneath the roof surface
Free Roof
55
is a glass or transparent or translucent plastic sheet used in windows, doors, skylights, or curtain walls
Glazing
56
is a glazing that has been shown by testing to withstand the impact of test missiles
Impact Resistant Glazing
57
a land surface characterized by strong relief in any horizontal direction
Hill
58
is a construction that has been shown by testing to withstand the impact of test missiles and that is applied, attached, or locked over exterior glazing
Impact Protective System
59
is an assemblage of structural elements assigned to provide support and stability for the overall structure
(MWFRS) Main Wind-Force Resisting System
60
is the average of the roof eave height and the height to the highest point of the roof surface
Mean Roof Height, h
61
are apertures or holes in the building envelope that allow air to flow through
Openings
62
are published research findings and technical papers that are approved
Recognized Literature
63
an elongated crest of a hill characterized by strong relief in two directions
Ridge
64
is a procedure for determining wind loads on buildings and other structures, in which pressures and/or forces and moments are determined for each wind direction considered, from a model of the building or other structure and its surroundings
Wind Tunnel Procedure
65
are areas within tropical cyclone prone regions where impact protection is required for glazed openings
Wind-borne Debris Regions

CE ELEC 2 (2 decks)

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