wilms tumor Flashcards
What is Wilms Tumor?
Wilms Tumor, also known as Nephroblastoma, is a highly malignant embryonal neoplasm.
How many kidneys can Wilms Tumor involve?
It may involve one or both kidneys.
What is the typical incidence of Wilms Tumor?
Usually, the tumor is unilateral, but in 5% of cases, it may be bilateral.
Which kidney is more commonly affected by Wilms Tumor?
The tumor involves the left kidney more than the right kidney.
What age group is primarily affected by Wilms Tumor?
It affects children between 3-5 years of age.
What is the incidence rate of Wilms Tumor in children?
The disease occurs in about 1 out of 2-2.5 lakh children.
What is known about the cause of Wilms Tumor?
The exact cause of the tumor is unknown, but the tumor suppressor gene may be absent or missing in Wilms tumor.
What is the growth pattern of Wilms Tumor?
Nephroblastomas are generally large and rapidly growing.
Where does Wilms Tumor typically start growing?
The tumor generally starts growing in the renal parenchyma or at the tip of the kidney.
What is a common presentation of Wilms Tumor?
The majority of tumors present as a single encapsulated mass that separates the normal kidney and the tumor.
What risk is associated with the rupture of Wilms Tumor?
Rupture of the tumor puts the patient at risk of hemorrhage and dissemination of the tumor.
What are common clinical features of Wilms Tumor?
Presence of abdominal mass, pain if the tumor is enlarging, anorexia, hematuria, nausea and vomiting, urinary tract infection.
What characterizes Stage I Wilms Tumor?
Tumor limited to the kidney and completely resectable.
43% of cases.
What characterizes Stage II Wilms Tumor?
Tumor extends beyond the kidney into nearby fatty tissue, but it is resectable.
23% of cases.
What characterizes Stage III Wilms Tumor?
Non-hematogenous spread in the abdomen, but this stage tumor is not completely resectable.
23% of cases.
What characterizes Stage IV Wilms Tumor?
Hematogenous metastasis to the lungs and liver.
10% of cases.
What characterizes Stage V Wilms Tumor?
Bilateral renal involvement.
5% of cases.
What is the objective of chemotherapy?
The objective of chemotherapy is to treat any metastatic lesions that may exist and destroy any cells in the bloodstream before they get implanted.
What drugs are used for chemotherapy?
The drugs used for chemotherapy are Actinomycin D, Doxorubicin, and Vincristine.
When is radiation therapy used for Wilm’s tumor?
Radiation therapy may be used to reduce the size of the tumor in cases where it is bilateral or large in size and may be inoperable.
What surgical management is done for unilateral cases of Wilm’s tumor?
Partial or complete nephrectomy is done for unilateral cases.
What surgical management is done for bilateral cases of Wilm’s tumor?
For bilateral cases, partial nephrectomy is done.
What treatments are given after surgical management if indicated?
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are given after surgical management if indicated.
What is the standard treatment for Stage I Wilm’s tumor?
Standard treatment starts with surgery to remove the part of the kidney containing the tumor, followed by 18 weeks of chemotherapy.
