Wiley Chapter 4 Flashcards
Bioarchaeology
Field that focuses on biological remains to provide insight into past life ways such as diet and activity patterns
Body mass index
Weight (pounds)/ height (square inches)
Celiac disease
An immunologically mediated sensitivity to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley
Diabetes
Syndrome where blood sugar stays high. Two types: type I caused by destructed cells that produce insulin, type II is often caused by insulin resistance
Dietary reference intakes
Standards for the recommended intake of nutrients
Environment of evolutionary adaptation
Environment where important aspects of un organisms evolution occurred and hence the environment to which they are best adapted
Free radicals
Highly reactive molecules that contain at least one unpaired electron. These induce oxidative stress and may contribute to the aging process
Hypertension
A blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg
Insulin
Hormone produced in the pancreas responsible for clearing glucose from the bloodstream by having cells take up glucose.
Lactose intolerance
Gastrointestinal discomfort with nausea, cramping, gas, and diarrhea. Most often caused by lactase impersistence
Malnutrition
Literally,” bad nutrition”, malnutrition often used as synonym of undernutrition
Obese
Having a BMI of 30 or greater, more generally, having excess fat stores
Overnutrition
Condition where an individual takes in too many nutrients, most often defined by overconsumption of calories
Overweight
Having a BMI of 25 to 30.
Paleopathology
The Study of health and disease using ancient skeletal materials
Phytochemicals
Nonnutritive but biologically active compounds present in plants
Protein-energy malnutrition
Condition where an individual shows deficiencies of protein and energy
Undernutrition
Condition where an individual receives too few nutrients
