Wildlife

Question 1

Lorimer (2015) - Wildlife

Answer 1

1. Charisma is contested (some species more value?)
2. Description of non-human animals, large megafauna
3. Charismatic species gain more revenue, hence benefit other species in their ecosystem
4. Anthropocene is hybrid, not social/natural
5. Sri-Lankan elephants too social, wild to understand as nature

Question 2

Lorimer (2015) - Anthropocene

Answer 2

1. Dream of mastery - presents Anthropocene as an economic & scientific opportunity necessitating more modernisation, knowledge, technology & better forms of social & environmental organisation
2. Dream of naturalism- geology confirms the unnatural character of modern, urban, industrial society - The Anthropocene legitimizes various modes of retreat: renaturalization based on a return to some premodern or even prehistorical state

Question 3

Vannini and Vannini (2016) - Wilderness

Answer 3

1. 19th & 18th Century romanticism
2. Sublime, awe, inspiration, grandeur, religious appreciation
3. Famous writers (Thoreau, Wo, Muir) - wilderness as an escape form wild
4. Wilderness as frontier & adventure playground
5. Anxieties of global warming, wild as untouched

Question 4

Cronon (1996) - The Trouble with Wilderness

Answer 4

1. Erasure, nowhere land (AUS) - white settlers take aboriginal land
2. Hunting reshaped autochthonous people as poachers
3. Landscape bias, not all landscapes protected (Swamps)
4. Sublime akin to religious experience in Yosemite

Question 5

Poloquin (2012) - Taxidermy and cultures of longing

Said (1978)

Answer 5

1. Oriental and colonial imaginaries of wild

2. Polar bears depicted

Question 6

Van Dooren (2014) - Flight Ways - Albatrosses

Answer 6

1. Species are archived through generations of practice and inheritance
2. Don’t mourn previous extinctions, why should we now?
3. bioaccumulated plastics, biomagnification

Question 7

Haraway (2008) - Tigers

Answer 7

1. Tiger species survival plan
2. Breeding a managed captive pop in zoos
3. Conserve 80-90% of gene pool
4. Highly managed, not reflecting wild evolution

Question 8

Fredriksen (2016) - Scottish wildcats

Answer 8

1. Critically endangered, threat of merging hybridisation
2. Scottish wildcat action VS Wildcat Haven NGO
3. SWA = Captive, argues can’t survive in wild, policy to shoot hybrid cats
4. Argues these hybrid cats should contribute to reconstitution of cats in GB, forward looking and open to anthropogenic changes pops

Question 9

Duffy (2016) - War, by Conservation

Answer 9

1. Ivory is the white gold of jihad - Al Shabaab
2. China consumption increase
3. Fortress conservation - arming rangers
4. 2015 2 senators $8-$10 Billion from illegal wildlife
5. Neoliberal privatisation of security (Israeli Maisha) - parallel to global security agenda

Question 10

Duffy (2016) - Illegal wildlife trade

Answer 10

1. Declaration called for four basic actions: eradicate the market for illegal wildlife products; ensure effective legal frameworks and deterrents; strengthen law enforcement; and encourage sustainable livelihoods and economic development.
2. Behavioural change = market reduction (success in Japan)
3. Trade legalisation as sub? - Premium on wild rhinos possibly
4. Baka in cameroon cant access forests, their livelihoods ruined - they are hunter gatherers

Question 11

Anon (2018) - Rosewood

Answer 11

1. Political ascendancy of shadow elite to power over export of endangered rosewood
2. Certain traders become so wealthy they run for politics

Question 12

Gunn (2001) - Environmental ethics and trophy hunting, AGAINST

Answer 12

1. Causes great suffering for intelligent animals like elephants, whales and dolphins – suffer great loss when a family member dies
2. Marine animals not humanely killed, just injured first
3. Wrongfully deprives them of something which belongs to them, their lives
4. Not necessary for human interest, not economically necessary to hurt animals
5. Even skilled hunters can miss and cause pain
6. Lack of respect in trophy hunting makes it hard Cecil

Question 13

Gunn (2001) - For trophy Hunting

Answer 13

1. Hunting is not a threat to biodiversity, pollution etc is
2. Therapeutic hunting, what if animals overpopulated - starving? Brumbies
3. Invasive species are killed? Legitimate
4. Zimbabwe hunting licenses = 4.5 Million $ in 1980 goes to conservation and eco - bigger picture one old male rhino
5. Difficulty in ascertaining how intelligent a species is..What is intelligence
6. Process is valued, understand maori animals instead of buying meat from shop

Question 14

Flynn (2019) - Trophy hunting

Answer 14

1. Just because an intervention has the potential to produce a social benefit, does not mean the approach is ethical? Hence, even if it is producing social benefits is it ethical to kill an animal
2. Turns wildlife into a commodity! – rather than living, feeling, autonomous beings
3. Money made from eco-tourism, tour guide outsourcing

Question 15

Adams (2013) - Hunting in Australia

Answer 15

1. hunting as a relationship to nature
2. is it legitimate to kill non-native species, invasives to preserve native?
3. Embeds hunters in more than human world, it is natural

Question 16

Van Dooren and Rose (2012) - Penguins in Sydney

Answer 16

1. Expand storying how humans and non-humans building meaning and social experience
2. Ethics if conviviality, penguins connected to place of home, fidelity to partners, discourse enacted by multiple species
3. More possibilities for equitable cities, new perspectives

Question 17

Avila and Ernston (2019) - Cordoba ARG,

Answer 17

1. Huge biotic ecosystem below cord, adaptive species living off nutrients from humans
2. Gives political agency to more than human life, grates dissolve and provide nutrients to scorpions etc
3. Cohabitation with creatures inside
4. Does still divide, allows higher degree of exposure though
   5.

Question 18

Lorimer (2008) - Politics of conviviality, London living roofs

Answer 18

1. Immanence, biodiversity on roofs

Question 19

Brockington and Wilkie (2015) - Conflict

Answer 19

1. protected areas are a requisite for conservation but lead to misfortune and fortune
2. conflicts are really all between humans, historical conceptual and political
3. Poor disproportionately hurt by conservation

Question 20

Barua (2014) - Assam elephants SUNDARPAR, SULAI

Answer 20

1. Conflicts especially high in eastern and northeastern states where deforestation is increasing
2. Crop raiding increasing with loss of habitats
3. Elephants dont eat tea leaves (illegally growing)
4. Locals conflicted, set land aside - hindis value elephants - both live with trauma

Solutions =

1. Fencing
2. Close work with farmers
3. Rapid Response Units
    4. Laser notification technology

Question 21

Dubois et al (2017) - Principles for ethical control

Answer 21

1. modify human practice where possible (humans fault, coexistence)
2. Clear and achieveable outcome objectives - Badger to reduce bovine TB? contested. Individual badgers spread out spreading it further.
3. Cause least harm to wildlife, sometimes lethal is less
4. Consider community and cultural values
5. Base control on specifics of situation not labels (if abundant, mass cull often implemented).

Question 22

Buller (2007) - Reintroduction of wolves in F alps

Answer 22

1. Biodiversity and biosecurity
2. Wolves migrated from Italy, killing huge Chamois sheep
3. Endangered so inability for farmers to kill them
4. sheep farmers see them as threat (Invasive alien species)
5. We want to treat them as highly managed animal but think of representation - Devils, warewolves, red riding
6. Eco people should start talking to farmers, engage discourse

Question 23

Adams (2010) - Green development

Answer 23

1. 1970s numerous efforts have been made to develop conservation
   policies that generate benefits for local people. These include part outreach
   projects, integrated conservation and development projects and communitybased natural resource management (CBNRM).
2. The dominant approach to conservation has been the creation of protected
   areas (PAs) where nature is treated as wilderness, and people are excluded.