Wiki 1 Fertilization and Implantation Flashcards
The 4 sections of the uterine (fallopian) tube are
infundibulum ampulla isthmus uterine the infund thought it was too quiet, turned on the AMP where she was fertilized to panamanian music. got inspired to crawl to the isthmus of panama, where U turn to get implants.
Fertilization usually occurs at the________ of the uterine tube.
Ampulla
The female genitalia is collectively known as the
Vulva.
The body of the uterus contains 3 layers.
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
The endometrium will have 3 layers during the luteal (secretory) phase, __, __, __. Which 2 are the functional layers that shed during menstruation and parturition(birth)?
Compact, Spongy and basal.
Compact and Spongy shed.
Where are the seminiferous tubules, and what do they do?
Found in testes, make sperm.
After sperm is made in the seminiferous tubules, what tubes does it travel to make it to the urethra?
Epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, to ejaculatory duct, to urethra.
Semen is a combination of sperm with fluid from which 3 structures?
Seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
______ are dormant in the seminiferous tubules from late fetal period until puberty.
Spermatogonia.
Spermatogenesis takes about ____ months.
2
Where are sperm stored and matured?
Epididymis
What structure is at the tip of the sperm head?
Acrosome.
What are the 3 parts of the sperm tail? Which part contains the mitochondria that powers movement?
Middle (mitochondrias)
Principal
End piece
When does oogenesis maturation occur?
Fetal period to puberty.
Primary oocytes are arrested at which stage of meiosis at birth? Division resumes at what stage of a girl’s life?
Prophase of 1st meiotic division
Puberty
An ____ surge stimulates the completion first meiotic division from primary to secondary oocyte.
LH
What 2 structures are made as a result from the 1st meiosis of the primary oocyte?
2ndary oocyte
1st polar body (degenerates soon)
the 2ndary oocyte begins meiosis and arrests at _____. When does this arrest occur?
metaphase of meiosis 2.
arrest occurs 3 hours before ovulation.
After arrest at metaphase of meiosis 2, when does oogenesis resume?
At fertilization.
The 2ndary oocyte released at ovulation is surrounded by 2 structures.
Zona pellucida corona radiata (layer of follicular cells)
________ primary oocytes in ovaries of newborn
________ primary oocytes at puberty.
______ mature and expelled during ovulation,
600,000-800,000.
40,000
500
In the female reproductive cycle, _______ is released from the hypothalamus, causing the anterior pituitary to release ____ and ____.
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Anterior releases FSH, LH
What does FSH do?
Stimulates development of ovarian follicles
Stimulates estrogen production by follicular cells.
What does LH do?
Triggers ovulation
Stimulates progesterone production from follicular cells and corpus luteum.
What happens to the other 15-20 primary oocytes that dont reach maturity during each cycle?
Degenerate, become atretic, form corpus atreticum.
What causes uterine wall lining to grow?
Progesterone, estrogen.
FSH stimulates the _______ to produce testosterone and androstenedione, and the follicular cells convert this to _____.
Theca interna
estrogen
When FSH induces estrogen production by the theca interna/follicular cells, what occurs as a result?
Endometrium begins proliferative stage
cervical mucus thins for passage of sperm
Anterior pituitary secretes LH (LH surge).
What does the LH surge do? (5 things)
Completion of meiosis 1, start of meiosis 2
Luteinization (production of progesterone by follicular cells
Increased prostaglandin, ovary wall contraction.
Increased collagenase activity for area surrounding follicle.
Follicle rupture ovulation
Corpus luteum formation.
The oocyte is ovulated, and granulosa cells from the _____ _____ helps make the corona radiata.
cumulus oophorus
they accumulate around the oocyte.
What is the stigma?
The bulge on the ovary caused by large follicle.
The _______ of the infundibulum tube sweeps and captures the oocyte from the ovulating follicle .
Fimbriae.
Corpus luteum produces progesterone, causing uterine wall to enter ______ stage.
progestational or secretory phase (from proliferative stage).
If oocyte not fertilized, what happens to corpus luteum?
9 days, shrinks and becomes corpus albicans. Decreased progesterone causes menstrual bleeding.
What happens to corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?
Survives from signals of HcG from synciotiotrophoblast. becomes corpus luteum of pregnancy.
After the 4th month, corpus luteum regresses and progesterone is now produced by the ______
trophoblastic placenta.
Sperm migrate from cervix to uterine tube via
uterus muscle contraction
Sperm slow down in the ____, cease movement in the _____, and race once ovulation happens.
slow in unterine, cease move in isthmus.
What is capacitation (spermatozoa, oocyte)
- Conditioning stimulated by sperm/uterine wall interaction, glycoprotein and seminal proteins at head of sperm removed to reveal acrosome membrane.
Acrosome needed to penetrate the ___.
Zona pellucida.
How does spermatozoa penetrate corona radiata?
freely pass through disorganized corona radiata.
What happens when the first spermatozoa makes contact with the oocyte?
cortical granules at oocyte surface releases lysosomal enzymes, harden the zona pellucida preventing polyspermy.
After fertilization, the secondary oocyte becomes a ____.
Ovum.
Fun fact: sperm takes 30 minutes to 6 days to travel from cervix to oviduct. Also, ovulated oocyte only survives 24 hours without fertilization. You can have sex with a girl and conception may not happen for a week! Gotta wait until her period to find out for sure!
That sucks dude. I feel ya.
Degeneration of ____ around blastocyst must occur before implantation.
zona pellucida.
When does implantation usually occur? (how many days after conception)
6-7 days.
____ on the outside of trophoblast cells bind to carb receptors of endometrium, facilitate implantation.
L selectin.
Usually the blastocyst will implant on the (anterior or posterior) surface of the uterus?
posterior.
After the 8th day of implantation, the trophoblast becomes what?
Cytotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast
What does the syncytiotrophoblast secrete?
secretes HcG. tells corpus luteum to survive for 4 months and continue progesterone production.
At day 9 when the blastocyst has completely penetrated the endothelium, the endothelium is closed by____.
fibrin coagulum.
_______ begin to develop in the syncytiotrophoblast, which ultimately form the placenta?
Trophoblastic lacunae.
At day 11-12 of implantation, the syncytiotrophoblast extends to the ______, thus establishing the uteroplacental circulation.
maternal sinusoids.
What does Heuser’s membrane (exocoelomic) membrane help make?
Yolk sac.
Some of the hypoblast cells of Heuser’s exocoelomic membrane becomes the ______, which can be further divided into the ____ and ___ by a coelom called___.
Extraembryonic mesoderm,
further divided into extraembryonic splanchnic and somatic mesoderm
separated by extraebryonic coelom.
What is the decidua reaction?
cells of endometrium polyhedral, fill with glycogen and lipids, tissue edematous.
Day 13. What is primary villi?
Projections of cytotrophoblast into the syncytiotrophoblast.
Day 13, hypoblasts from a secondary yolk sac, pinching off primary yolk sac exocoelomic cavity. Pinching off forms
exocoelomic cysts.
Expansion of extraembryonic coelom creates
chorionic cavity.
In the chorion, the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm formerly lining the inside of the cytotrophoblast now are called the ____.
chorionic plate.
The connecting stalk is made out of _____. This stalk eventually becomes the _____.
extraembryonic somatic mesoderm (chorionic plate mesoderm).
eventually becomes umbilical cord.
2weeks of development is called week of 2s.
Trophoblast becomes syncitio, cytotrophoblast
Embryoblast becomes epiblast hypoblast,
extraembryonic mesoderm becomes splanchnic, somatic,
2 cavities form (amniotic, yolk sac).
