WiFi,LiFi,ADSL,IMS Flashcards
IEEE 802.11operates in
1) frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)
2) direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
3) either 1 or 2
3) either 1 or 2
IEEE 802.11operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
2.4GHz
IEEE 802.11a operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
5GHz OFDM 54Mbps
IEEE 802.11b in 2.4GHz DSS 11Mbps
IEEE 802.11b operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
2.4GHz DSS 11Mbps
IEEE 802.11a in 5GHz OFDM 54Mbps
IEEE 802.11g operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
2.4GHz OFDM 54Mbps
IEEE 802.11n operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
4) dual 2.4GHz, 5GHz
dual 2.4GHz, 5GHz
2.4GHz MIMO-OFDM 100Mbps
MIMO introduced in IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.11ac operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
4) dual 2.4GHz, 5GHz
5GHz, but supports dual band by backward compatibility
uses MIMO, QAM
called WiFi-5
1300mbps on 5 GHz (plus 450 Mbps on 2.4 GHz ?)
802.11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band. Operation in the 2.4 GHz band is specified by 802.11n.
IEEE 802.11ax operates in ____
1) 2.4GHz
2) 5GHz
3) 6GHz
4) dual 2.4GHz, 5GHz
dual 2.4GHz, 5GHz
uses MIMO, QAM
called WiFi-6
WiFi power consumption is comparatively ______ (high/low) compared to other standards
high
TRAI defines broadband minimum speed
1) 256 kbps
2) 512 kbps
3) 1 mbps
4) 2 mbps
2 mbps
Wired broadband and wireless broadband will both be subject to this 2Mbps limit.
DSLAM stands for
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
ADSL stands for
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
VDSL stands for
Very High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line
RADSL stands for
Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line
HDSL stands for
High Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Line
SDSL stands for
Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL2+ uses 1.1MHz to 2.2MHz for
1) upstream
2) downstream
downstream. This doubles the downstream data rates of the previous ADSL2 standard.
ADSL2+ downstream data rates up to
1) 12 Mbit/s
2) 24 Mbit/s
24 Mbit/s
ADSL2 has 12 Mbit/s
ADSL has 8 Mbit/s
________ assigns the upstream band to over-lap the downstream in ADSL
1) modulation
2) Echo cancellation
Echo cancellation
Echo cancellation is common in V.32 and V.34 modems (T/F)
T
In ADSL, Time division multiplexing divides the downstream path into one or more high speed channels and one or more low speed channels (T/F)
T
ADSL uses two types of Modulation
1) QAM
2) CAP
3) DMT
4) DTMF
CAP (Carrier less Amplitude Phase Modulation)
DMT (Discrete Multi Tone)
(DMT is the most widely used one)
ADSL Modulation CAP stands for
Carrier less Amplitude Phase Modulation -
a variant of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
ADSL Modulation DMT stands for
Discrete Multi Tone
IMS stands for
1) IP Multimedia System
2) IP Multimedia Subsystem
3) IP Multimedia Solution
4) IP Mobile Subsystem
IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMS provides
1) real-time multimedia sessions
2) non-real-time multimedia sessions
3) both
both
_______ is also called Multimedia NGN (Next Generation Network).
1) MAX NGN
2) IMS
IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)
IMS deployment can be done by any entity that would decide to start an activity in IP services even without owning an access or transport network (T/F)
T
The core of ______is combining the best of two worlds datacom industry & telecom industry.
1) DSLAM
2) IMS
3) WiFi
IMS
IMS was s initially standardized by the
1) ITU
2) 3GPP
3) IEEEE
3GPP as part of its Release 5
targeted at supporting non-real
time services
3GPP Release 6 is targeted at supporting real time services
IMS supporting non-real-time services is
1) 3GPP Release 5
2) 3GPP Release 6
3) 3GPP Release 7
3GPP Release 5
targeted at supporting non-real
time services
3GPP Release 6 is targeted at supporting real time services
IMS supporting real-time services is
1) 3GPP Release 5
2) 3GPP Release 6
3) 3GPP Release 7
3GPP Release 6
WiMax stands for
1) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
2) Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- based on Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
In IMS, CSCF stands for
Call State Control Function
In IMS, the three CSCF are
1) Serving CSCF (S-CSCF)
2) _______
3) ________
Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)
Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)
In IMS, the three CSCF are
1) __________
2) _______
3) Interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF)
Serving CSCF (S-CSCF)
Proxy CSCF (P-CSCF)
In IMS, HSS stands for
Home Subscriber Server
In IMS, _______ provides session control services for a user
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
S-CSCF Relay SIP requests and responses between calling and called parties
In IMS, _______ may act as a SIP Proxy Server that relays SIP messages
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
(CSCF acts as a SIP server)
In IMS, _______ acts as the interface to
application servers and other IP or legacy service platforms
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______ provides service-related event notifications to users and generates Call Detail Records (CDRs) needed for accounting and billing
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
(P-CSCF also creates CDRs; REF:p109 )
_______is a mobile’s first contact point inside a local (or visited) IMS.
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______accepts SIP requests from the mobiles and then either serves these requests internally or forwards them to other servers
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
(CSCF acts as a SIP server)
In IMS, _______includes a Policy Control Function (PCF) that controls the policy regarding how bearers in the packet-switched network should be used
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______ forwards SIP REGISTER request from a mobile to the mobile’s home network.
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
(CSCF acts as a SIP server)
In IMS, _______ forwards SIP messages from the network to a mobile
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
(CSCF acts as a SIP server)
In IMS, _______ does compression and decompression of SIP messages. Compression is required to minimize the air-interface time.
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
(CSCF acts as a SIP server)
In IMS, _______ maintain a security association with the mobile.
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______ detect emergency session.
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
P-CSCF: Proxy Call State Control Function
________ is an optional function that can be used to hide an operator networks internal structure from an external network
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
I-CSCF: Interrogating Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______ main function is to select an S-CSCF for a user’s session
1) P-CSCF
2) I-CSCF
I-CSCF: Interrogating Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______ database is just like HLR & Authentication Centre (AuC).
1) HSS
2) SLF
3) ATS
4) no HLR concept
HSS: Home Subscriber Server
In IMS, SLF stands for
Subscriber Location Function
In IMS, _______ database is just like VLR
1) HSS
2) SLF
3) ATS
4) no VLR concept
No VLR concept in IMS
In IMS, _______ is mandatory. Whereas ______is optional.
1) HSS, SLF
2) SLF, HSS
HSS is mandatory. Whereas SLF is optional
(Whenever n/w size is so big that if one HSS cannot store data then SLF is required, this is an addl. Component)
Both HSS & SLF communicate through _________ protocol.
Diameter protocol.
This diameter is called AAA protocol.
In IMS, MGCF stands for
Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)
In IMS, MRFP stands for
Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
In IMS, MRFC stands for
The Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC)
In IMS, BGCF stands for
Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)
In IMS, _________ support DTMF within the bearer path
1) MRFP, MRFC
2) BGCF, MGCF
MRFP, MRFC
Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
The Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC)
In IMS, _________ selects to which PSTN network a session should be forwarded
1) MRFP
2) MRFC
3) BGCF
4) MGCF
Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)
- for voice call BGCF selects MGCF for connection to PSTN
In IMS, _________is responsible for interfacing with internal and external service platforms
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
In IMS, _______ responsible for Providing Open Access to 3rd Party Service (value-added services)
1) SIP
2) OSA SCS
3) IM-SSF
1) Open Service Access (OSA) Service Capability Server (SCS)
[all the three contribute to VAS]
The OSA application server interfaces with the CSCF through the OSA SCS by OSA API (Application
Programming Interface
S-CSCF uses the same interface, IMS Service Control (ISC) interface, to interface with all service platforms. The signaling protocol over the ISC interface is ______.
1) SIP
2) OSA SCS
3) IM-SSF
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
In IMS, OSA SCS and IM-SSF are
1) application servers
2) gateways to other service environments
3) both
2) gateways to other service environments
OSA SCS and IM-SSF by themselves are not application servers.
In IMS, _______ responsible for Interface with Legacy Service Platform
1) SIP
2) OSA SCS
3) IM-SSF
IM-SSF
IP Multimedia Service Switching Function
In IMS, SIP-AS (SIP application server) is used for
1) session control
2) providing various value-added services
3) both
both
In WiFi, CAPWAP stands for
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol
all traffic generated from users is sent from AP to WLC through ____
1) DTLS
2) CAPWAP
CAPWAP tunnel
(Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol)
In WiFi, LWAPP stands for
Lightweight Access Point Protocol
CAPWAP supports
1) layer 2
2) layer 3
3) both
4) none
layer 3 only
CAPWAP:Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points protocol
LWAPP supports
1) layer 2
2) layer 3
3) both
4) none
both layer 2 and 3
LWAPP:Lightweight Access Point Protocol
messages between WLC and AP
1) Data messages
2) control messages
3) both
both
Data messages (UDP port:5247)
control messages (UDP port:5246)
_____ helps to move higher level protocol processing away prom AP
1) WLAN
2) VLAN
3) WLC
WLC: Wireless LAN controller
First step to connect AP to WLC is
1) AP sends a CAPWAP join request
2) AP sends a Discovery request message
3) WLC sends a CAPWAP join request
4) WLC sends a Discovery request message
AP sends a Discovery request message
(after discovery process only, join process starts)
After discovery process a DTLS connection is established between AP and WLC. DTLS stands for
Datagram Transport Layer Security
Image data in communication between AP and WLC refers to
1) AP firmware
2) AP configuration
3) user image data
AP firmware
(if WLC has updates, AP can download it)
WLC: Wireless LAN controller
Public Wi-Fi Providers/ Partners (PWPs) can deply WiFi with models including
1) RAPs (Remote Access Ponits)
2) Mesh APs
2) both
both
With Public Wi-Fi Providers/ Partners (PWPs)
1) BSNL can broadcast its own SSID
2) internet shall be unlimited
3) SSID will be configured as per the Clients/Partner’s choice
4) required bandwidth for provisioning of bulk user plans shall be bundled with the various plans. BSNL will raise separate invoice to the bulk customers for bandwidth usage beyond plan limit
All of these
BSNL Reserves the right to broadcast its own SSID
WAG can be used in deployments
1) Public & Community (Hotspot) WiFi
2) Mobile Network Offload
3) Smart cities
4) all the above
all the above
WAG: WiFi Access Gateway
can be implemented as hardware or software
WAG stands for
1) Wireless Access Gateway
2) WiFi Access Gateway
WiFi Access Gateway
LiFi (Light Fidelity) works based on VLC principle. VLC stands for
Visible Light Communication
It uses light with wavelength ranging from 380 nm to 780 nm
The PHY and MAC layers of ____ system are defined in IEEE 802.15.7-2011 standard
1) WiFi
2) LiFi
LiFi
Li-Fi can achieve extremely ____ data transfer rates compared to traditional WiFi
1) high
2) low
high
LiFi
1) does not cause any EM (Electro-Magnetic) interference
2) data transfer About 1 Gbps
3) operates at 2.4GHz, 4.9GHz and 5GHz
1 and 2
3 is for WiFi
LiFi network topology
1) star
2) peer-to-peer
3) broadcast
all of them
LiFi Modulation Type(s)
1) OOK
2) VPPM
3) CSK
all of them
OOK:On Off Keying
VPPM: Variable Pulse Position Modulation
CSK: Color Shift Keying
LiFi Modulation Type OOK stands for
On Off Keying
LiFi Modulation Type VPPM stands for
Variable Pulse Position Modulation
LiFi Modulation Type CSK stands for
Color Shift Keying
In IMS, ATS stands for
Advanced Telephony Server
for providing VAS(value added services)
In IMS, _______ can act as a SIP Registrar to accept users’ SIP registration requests and make users’ registration and location information available to location servers such as the HSS
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
In IMS, ______ Relay SIP requests and responses between calling and called parties
1) S-CSCF
2) P-CSCF
3) I-CSCF
S-CSCF: Serving Call State Control Function
In IMS, Suppose S-CSCF has done some authorisation then it has to contact ____ for downloading authentication etc.
1) HSS
2) SLF
3) none
HSS if only one HSS
But if more than one HSS then SLF will check which HSS
In IMS, SLF will have
1) user ID
2) HSS ID
3) both
both
In IMS, Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
1) Sources media streams (for multimedia announcements)
2) Processes media streams (e.g. audio transcoding, media analysis)
3) Tones and announcements –Applied on receipt of ACK, self-timed with BYE or stopped on BYE
4) Support DTMF within the bearer path
all of them
Total IMS cores available
1) 4
2) 8
3) 10
4) 12
10
( 8 cores planned by Huawei. then 2 more added by UTstarcom at Chandigarh and Hyderabad)
Kolkata & Bhubaneshwar - East
Pune & Ahmedabad - West
Lucknow & Chandigarh - North
Bangalore & Hyderabad - South
The two IMS Core Networks provided
by UTStarcom are located in
1) Pune & Ahmedabad
2) Bangalore & Chandigarh
3) Hyderabad & Chandigarh
4) Kolkata & Bhubaneswar
Hyderabad & Chandigarh
In IMS, __________ is responsible for providing VAS (value added services)
1) HSS
2) SLF
3) ATS
4) no VAS concept
Advanced Telephony Server (ATS)
[SIP, OSA SCS, IM-SSF can also provide VAS]
In IMS, __________ interface to CAMEL Service Environment (CSE)
1) SIP
2) OSA SCS
3) IM-SSF
IM-SSF
any two user from any two different IP based network can be involved in a session under the umbrella of ____ management
1) IMS
2) VAS
IMS management
In IMS, __________ is responsible for inter-working with peer IMS network
1) BGCF
2) MGCF
3) IBCF
4) CSCF
IBCF: Interconnection Border Control Function
In IMS, __________ is responsible for IVRS
1) MRF
2) CSCF
3) IBCF
4) CSCF
MRF
(MRFC+MRFP)
In IMS, __________ selects appropriate MGCF
1) BGCF
2) MRB
3) IBCF
4) CSCF
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function
In IMS, __________ controls transmission gateway (TrGW)
1) BGCF
2) MRB
3) IBCF
4) CSCF
IBCF: Interconnection Border Control Function
Default Bearer With APN “IMS” and ________ for IMS signalling for VoLTE
1) QCI=1
2) QCI=3
3) QCI=5
4) QCI=9
QCI=5
(QCI=9 for internet access)
users data related to value added services are stored as XML files in ___
1) AS
2) HSS
3) MGW
AS: Application Server
(Mobile interface to AS is XCAP)
Mobile interface to AS is Ut running XCAP protocol (not directly, but via CSCF).
XCAP stands for
XML Configuration Access Protocol
(users data related to value added services are stored in ‘AS’ as XML files)
Decides how to route the Telephony sessions having source or destination in CS
network
1) BGCF
2) MRB
3) IBCF
4) CSCF
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function
S-CSCF uses the same interface____ to interface with all service platforms.
1) MAP
2) CAP
3) ISC
IMS Service Control (ISC) interface
