Wider World

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

Development is the economic, social and political progress a country or people make. For it to be beneficial, it must be sustainable (long-term and experienced by many people across society).

Question 2

What is globalisation?

Answer 2

Globalisation is the process by which places in the world are becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent as a result of huge increase in the global trade of goods, global companies, movement of people and cultural exchange between different areas of the world.

Question 3

What are TNCs?

Answer 3

Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are companies that produce and sell products and are located in more than one country.

Question 4

How does globalisation and TNCs increase development?

Answer 4

TNCs have increased developing countries economies, job opportunities, infrustructure therefore making them more developed by using them in the production of their products. Globalisation links together countries which makes lifestyles in devloping countries more similar to devloped countries.

Question 5

What is population structure?

Answer 5

The number (or percent) of people in a country in each age group (e.g 10-14). It also shows the percentage of males/females

Question 6

What is demographic data?

Answer 6

All data linked to population changes: birth rate, death rate etc

Question 7

What is birth rate?

Answer 7

Number of live births per 1000 people per year

Question 8

What is death rate?

Answer 8

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

Question 9

What is dependency ratio?

Answer 9

Proportion of people below (0-14) and above (over 65) normal working age. Its calculated by: young+elderly/working age x 100.

The lower the number, means less people are dependent - this is good.

Question 10

What is fertility rate?

Answer 10

Average number of births per woman in her reproductive life.

Question 11

What is infant mortality?

Answer 11

Number of children (less than 1 year old) per 1000 live births who die before their 1st birthday.

Question 12

What is life expectancy?

Answer 12

Average number of years a person can expect to live.

Question 13

What is maternal mortality?

Answer 13

Number of mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth.

Question 14

What is GNI?

Answer 14

The total of all money produced per year by country’s workers.

Question 15

What is GDP per capita?

Answer 15

The total value of good and services shared out equally among all the people of a country.

Question 16

What is HDI?

Answer 16

Human Development Index (score between 0-1) which includes literacy, life expectancy and GNI/capita.

Question 17

What is literacy rate?

Answer 17

Number of adults who can read and write in every 100 people.

Question 18

What is corruption perception index?

Answer 18

Score to show the level of public sector corruption (0 = highly corrupt, 100 = clean)

Question 19

How do governments encourage globalisation?

Answer 19

Governments encourage globalisation by working with international political organisations which help increase:
Investment - countries compete with each other to attract TNC FDI as they hope these will bring jobs, wealth and taxes!
• Movement of people - encourage freedom of migration
Movement of products through free trade by removing trade barriers like quotas and tariffs so it’s now much easier to move goods, money and services between countries

Question 20

What are some International political organisations that promote golobalisation?

Answer 20

The EU
The United Nations
The World Trade Organisation
G20
G7

Question 21

What is inequality?

Answer 21

Inequality means extreme differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education.

Question 22

How do peoples’ lives differ across the world?

Answer 22

People in the richest 20% of the worlds countries (5th quintile) have 70.1% of the worlds
wealth, where as people in the poorest 20%, (1st quintile) have just 1.0% of the worlds wealth.

In 2023, 45.8% of the global wealth was owned by 1.1% of the global population. This means 8 million people have the same amount of wealth as nearly 7 billion people.

Question 23

What are Inter-governmental organisations (IGOs)? Why do we need them?

Answer 23

Inter-governmental organisations (IGOs) are international groups, made up of a number of different countries who play a large part in the making of international laws.

Allow states to cooperate and coordinate in specific fields while retaining their sovereignty.
Help to hold states/ individuals accountable for injustice- can act to foster peace and uphold international law.

Question 24

How do IGOs impact security?

Answer 24

The UN Security Council
Main responsiblityis to maintain international peace and security. It is for the Security Council to determine when and where a UN peace operation should be deployed.
They maintain power by:
• Applying sanctions (such as
banning trade or refusing
citizens entry)
• Authorising the use of
military force against a
country
• Authorising a UN Peace
keeping Force.

Question 25

How do IGOs impact trade?

Answer 25

The World Trade Organisation

Purpose:
- Overriding purpose is to help trade flow as freely as possible — so long as
there are no undesirable side effects.
- To abolish or reduce trade barriers.

Principles:
The trading system should be …
Without discrimination
Freer
Predictable
More competitive
More beneficial for less
developed countries

Question 26

How do IGOs impact the environment?

Answer 26

The Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC)
It provides policymakers with regular scientific assessments on climate change, its implications and potential future risks, as well as to put forward adaption and mitigation options.

Question 27

How do IGOs impact economics?

Answer 27

The World Bank
One group, the International Development Association, provides
loans to the world’s poorest countries.
• The other group, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, gives loans to developing countries.

The World Bank helps developing countries achieve sustainable growth by financing
investment and providing advisory services to businesses and governments.

Question 28

How do IGOs impact economics 2?

Answer 28

The international monetary fund (IMF)
working to foster global monetary cooperation
secure financial stability
facilitate international trade
promote high employment and sustainable economic growth
reduce poverty around the world
Identifies risk
Recommends policies for growth and financial stability.

Question 29

How do IGOs impact health?

Answer 29

World Health Organisation (WHO)
Give directions on international health issues
Setting standards
Providing information for governments to make decisions
Promote health
Keep the world safe
Serve the vulnerable

Question 30

What is a migrant?

Answer 30

A person who moves from one place to another.

Question 31

What is an immigrant?

Answer 31

A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country.

Question 32

What is the difference between voluntary and forced migration?

Answer 32

Forced migration is if someone has no choice to leave their country as they may fear harm or death.

HOWEVER

Voluntary migration is if someone chooses to leave their home often for a better life.

Question 33

What challenges do refugees and asylum seekers face?

Answer 33

Discrimination
Language barrier
Don’t know anyone
Dangerous travelling
Expensive journey
Waiting to hear if they are allowed to stay in a safe country (asylum seekers)

Question 34

What is a push factor and a pull factor?

Answer 34

Push factor - something that motivates a person to migrate away from their country e.g. lack of work.

Pull factor - something that motivates a person to move to a new country e.g. better jobs

Question 35

What is an emigrant?

Answer 35

A person who leaves their own country in order to permanently live in another country.

Question 36

What is a refugee?

Answer 36

Someone who must leave their home area for their own safety and survival. They are legally recognised for this.

Question 37

What is an asylum seeker?

Answer 37

Someone who must leave their home area for their own safety and survival. They are waiting for a decision to see if they can stay in a safe country,

Question 38

What is a remittance?

Answer 38

Money sent home by migrants to their families.