Wider World

Question 1

What is nuclear power?

Answer 1

Nuclear power is electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor/reaction

Question 2

1. Nuclear power

Answer 2

Reaction is triggered, atoms and neutrons collide and cause more atom splits. Chain reaction creates lots of heat.

Question 3

2. Nuclear power

Answer 3

The water is heated and passed through the reactor vessel. Chain reaction heats water up to 300°C. The water must be a liquid for the station to work so 155 times atmospheric pressure is applied

Question 4

3. Nuclear power

Answer 4

Hot water is circulated through a pump, which is sent from the reactor through a steam generator

Question 5

4. Nuclear power

Answer 5

Steam is created when hot water flows through pipes while another stream of water flows around them. As this water is under less pressure, the heat from the pipes boil it into steam.

Question 6

5. Nuclear power

Answer 6

Steam passes through a turbine. The steam moved the turbine. Electromagnets turn movement energy to electric energy.

Question 7

6. Nuclear power

Answer 7

Electrical energy is passed to national grid when a transformer converts the energy to the high voltage needed by the grid.

Question 8

7. Nuclear power

Answer 8

Electricity is sent through power lines into homes. The national grid transmits through the lines which connects to homes, businesses and services. The transformers turn the voltage into a usable level.

Question 9

8. Nuclear power

Answer 9

The steam is cooled and recycled. It’s passed through pipes with cold water, which cool the water where it’s piped into the generator to keep the turbines turning and the electricity production.

Question 10

What are the pros of nuclear power?

Answer 10

• No greenhouse gas emissions (1.8 million lives saved)
• Fuel-efficient
• Resilient in times of extreme weather
• Job-intensive
• Low operating costs

Question 11

What are the cons of nuclear power?

Answer 11

• Accidents could emit radioactive materials, e.g. plutonium
• No good solution for disposing of radioactive waste
• Not a renewable fuel source
• Serious disasters can occur which makes places inhabitable for thousands of years

Question 12

What effect did Chernobyl have on Spain?

Answer 12

Despite being 3,000km away, some areas in Portugal and Spain were found to have traces of radiation, although much less than other European countries.

Question 13

What effect did Chernobyl have in the UK?

Answer 13

Cumbria, North Wales and South West Scotland were affected the most and couldn’t drink rainwater.

Until 2012, some sheep in Wales (2,250 km) had to be monitored and were not allowed to be consumed.

Question 14

What effect did Chernobyl have on Germany?

Answer 14

Germany was also affected by radiation despite being 1,050km away, which resulted in food scares and more children being born with disabilties and illnesses.

Question 15

What effect did Chernobyl have on Poland?

Answer 15

Being 400km away from Chernobyl, it received high levels of radiation and as a result many more stillbirths and babies died after the disaster.

Question 16

What effect did Chernobyl have on Scandinavia?

Answer 16

Swedish workers 1,200 km away first alerted the world of the disaster when they though there was a leak. Radiation spread to Norway and Finland where it was claimed that deer and fish were contaminated.

Question 17

What effect did Chernobyl have on Belarus?

Answer 17

It only being 13km away meant that it was heavily affected by the radiation. Children were mostly affected and were 100 times more likely to develop thyroid cancer than before the accident.

Question 18

What was the Dead Zone?

Answer 18

A zone of 30km around the plant that was evacuated. 110,000 people were evacuated in total.

Question 19

What affect did Chernobyl have on Russia?

Answer 19

About 150km away, it was also heavily affected. The ground was affected due to the wind blowing radioactive dust. More people contracted thyroid cancer and many children fell ill as well.

Question 20

Altogether, how many people from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus died as a result of the effects of Chernobyl?

Answer 20

200,000

Question 21

What is an invasive species?

Answer 21

An organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native.

Question 22

How are hippos an invasive species in Colombia?

Answer 22

• Pablo Escobar kept 4 hippos in a private zoo but were too big to be attended
• By 2007 there were 16 hippos left to roam
• By 2014, 40
• By 2018, 50-70
• By 2019, 65-80 hippos over an area of 2000km²
• Dec. 2020 90-120 hippos over an area of 2,250km²
• Population could rise to over 200 hippos over an area of 13,500km²

Question 23

How are parakeets an invasive species?

Answer 23

• In the late 20th century, the first colony was established by the river in Kingston
• For decades they were an exotic novelty, exclusive to south-west London

Question 24

How have grey squirrels contributed to the decline of red squirrels?

Answer 24

• Grey squirrels carry a disease, a Parapoxvirus, which does not appear to affect their health but often kills red squirrels
• Grey squirrels are more likely to eat green acorns, so will decimate the food source before they ripen and the reds can make use of them

Question 25

What is development?

Answer 25

The economic, social and political progress a country or people make. For it to be beneficial it must be sustainable (long-term and experienced by many people across society).

Question 26

What is population structure?

Answer 26

The % of people in a country in each age group. It also shows the % of males/females

Question 27

What is demographic data?

Answer 27

All data linked to population changes: birth rate, death rate, etc,

Question 28

What is birth rate?

Answer 28

Number of live births per 1000 people per year

Question 29

What is death rate?

Answer 29

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 30

What is the the dependency ratio?

Answer 30

Proportion of people below (0-14) and above (over 65) normal working age. It’s calculated by: (young+elderly)/working age x 100.

The lower the number, means less people are dependent - this is good

Question 31

What is fertility rate?

Answer 31

Average number of births per woman in her reproductive life

Question 32

What is infant mortality?

Answer 32

Number of children (less than 1 year old) per 1000 live births who die before their 1st birthday

Question 33

What is life expectancy?

Answer 33

Average number of years a person can expect to live

Question 34

What is maternal mortality?

Answer 34

Number of mothers per 100,000 who die in childbirth

Question 35

What is GNI?

Answer 35

The total of all money produced per year by country’s workers

Question 36

What is literacy rate?

Answer 36

Number of adults who can read and write in every 100 people

Question 37

What is HDI?

Answer 37

Human Development Index (score between 0-1) which includes literacy, life expectancy and GNI/capita

Question 38

What is Corruption Perception Index?

Answer 38

A score to show the level of public sector corruption (0 = highly corrupt, 100 = clean)

Question 39

What is GDP per capita?

Answer 39

The total value of good and services shared out equally among all people of a country