Widening of the Cold War Flashcards
When did the USSR test its first A-bomb?
Aug 1949
START OF ARMS RACE!!!!!!!!!!
end of US atomic monopoly
When was the defensive perimeter suggested and outlined and what was it?
Jan 1950
employed because of the PRC establishment and the Soviet development of of the A-Bomb and Soviet-CCP allegiance during war
states that any country on this perimeter would be protected, OMITTED SOUTH KOREA AND TAIWAN!!! Is that why North Korea fell under attack?
When was the Sino soviet treaty of friendship and alliance and what was it?
-Feb 1950
-military alliance between China and the USSR
-worries US, communist alliance and power base within Asia, inspires new policies in Japan to try and combat
-Stalin wanted to consolidate USSR security in the far east
-gave China access to Soviet technology and military advisors
-confirmed Stalin as the leader of the communist world with Mao as his subordinate
When did China join the Korean War?
Nov 1950, joined North Korea against South Korea and the UN.
When was the San Francisco peace treaty signed and who was it between?
Sep 1951, USA and Japan
What year was the height of McCarthyism and the Red Scare?
1950
Differences between China and USSR in communism in 1950
-had different interpretations of Marxist-Leninism
-Chinese nationalism was strong
-inequality between the two powers within Treaty of friendship, China would spend the next 20 years trying to restore parity
When was NSC-68 actually presented and what was it?
-April 1950
-put in place because of Truman’s loss of China
-stressed the urgency of building the USA’s political, military and economic power in order to reduce Russian power and influence
-proposed increased spending on arms
-was only given approval because of the Korean war
-‘the USA must have substantially increased general air, ground and sea strength, atomic capabilities and air and civilian defences to deter war’
When did Stalin give permission for North Korea to invade the South?
April 1950
When did Eisenhower become president?
Jan 1953
Who was General Douglas MacArthur?
-was a career soldier
-was supreme commander of US forces from 1942
-he accepted Japan’s surrender in Sep 1945
-became Governor of Japan during the period of occupation
-he managed a series of political, economic and military reforms that integrated Japan as a firm ally of the US
When was ‘reverse course’ first introduced towards Japan and what was it?
-1947
-meant that the US was not focused in the punishment of Japan with the seizure of significant levels of reparations
-instead wanted the development of democratic institutions and practices towards economic reconstruction
-this recovery was seen by the Us as an essential element of its power base in Asia and combatting the communist spread.
Who was Joseph Dodge?
-an economic advisor for US policy in both Japan and Germany after the war
-specialised in drafting plans for economic stabilisation
-succeeded on bringing Japan’s post war inflation under control
-developed economic strategies which fulfilled the USA’s wider aims and objectives
What was the ‘super balanced budget’
-policy aimed towards Japan’s economic recovery
-set a target of nearly 157 million yen
-initially led to increased unemployment due to business closures
GATT
-General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs
-created with the UN at the end of WW2
-to maximise international trade]-US demanded Japan join
-strengthened japan’s access to Western trade but prevented trade with Communist china post-1950.
Who was John Foster Dulles?
-saw the USSR as both strategically and ideologically expansionist
-Dulles developed the new strategy ‘rollback’, this was aimed at taking the offensive against communism rather than just containing it
-He was a major contributor to Eisenhower’s foreign policy from 1953
-he negotiated with Japan’s prime minister in 1950 about a second world war peace treaty which would restore sovereignty and security for Japan in return for the acceptance of US troops in Japan
What did the San Francisco treaty not contain?
did NOT:
-place significant restrictions on Japan’s economy
-place restrictions on its future political model
-identify Japan’s responsibility for the war
-restrict Japan’s rearmament
-impose reparation payments for those Southeast Asian states occupied by Japan during the war
USSR REFUSED TO SIGN THIS AGREEMENT, as well as China
what did the San Francisco Peace treaty include:
-recognised the full sovereignty of the Japanese people
-forced Japan to renounce any claims to a wide range of neighbouring territories
What did Japan have to sign in return for the San Francisco Peace Treaty?
a bilateral security agreement, the US-JAPAN SECURITY TREATY 1951
-gave US unrestricted use of Japanese military bases and right to use military force to intervene
What did the US-Japan security treaty give the USA?
-unrestricted use of military bases in Japan
-administrative control of Okinawal, a Japanese island
-the right to use military force to intervene in any internal disorder in Japan
-the right to veto Japan offering military bases to other states
Facts on Japan’s rearmament
-MacArthur ordered Japan to establish a 75,000 strong national police reserve to be trained by a US advisory team
-MEANT TO BE PURELY DEFENSIVE
-Aug 1952, Japanese gov established a force of 110,000 ground troops and 7600 maritime personnel
-NOv 1952, US joint chiefs of staff announced plans for a Japanese air force
-July 1954, agreed a new 140,000 strong self defence force should be created
Dates of the korean war
June 1950-July 1953
When did Chinese forces enter the war on the side of North Korea?
Oct 1950
Who did the Soviet UNion install as leader of North Korea?
Kim Il Sung
Emereged as leader of the provisional communist government
