WI18 Exam 1 Flashcards
A dynamic state of health of an organism that is multidimensional
Health
A collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics
Community
Action that society takes collectively to ensure that the condition is which people can be healthy can occur
Public health
An organizational mechanism of those activities undertaken by governments, industries and indies also to insure health
Public health system
The health status of a defined group and actions taken to promote protect and preserve their health
Community health
The health status of people not well defined and have no identity as a group and the actions taken to promote , protect and preserve their health
Population health
What are the factors affecting health of a community?
Physical
Social/cultural
Community organizing
Individual
in 19th century this physician discovered that cholera was in the water and not the air.
It lead to the cleaning of public facilities
John Snow and the Broad street pump
In 19th century, in the modern era of public health 1850-present:
This report came out to have public health outlines for Massachusetts.
Shattuck report
20th century this period was the growth of care facilities and provider
Health resources development period 1900-60
In health resource development period 1900-60 what where the phases
The reform phase
1920’s
Great Depression and WWII
Postwar years
This law was passed to insure benefits for elderly in retirement and a variety of groups in old age in 1935
Social security act of 1935
This act passed in the postwar years of the health resource development period in 20th to insure low cost care for people from facilities
Hill Burton act
Polio vaccine was in which phase of health resource development period
Post WWII
MEdicare (1965) in what period of 20th century?
Period of social engineering
PEriod of 20th century that includes
a. Look at lifestyle and premature death
b. Healthy People report
c. Healthy People 2020
i. MAP-IT
d. National Prevention Strategy
Period of health promotion
Primary care is focused on?
Prevention, promotion and education
Secondary care is focused on
More screenings, more focused
Tertiary healthcare is focused on?
Specialization
21st century, U.S community health concerns includes?
Healthcare delivery Environmental problems Lifestyle disease Communicable diseases Alcohol and drug abuse Health disparities (diff. In population) Disasters
21st century World community concerns?
Communicable disease
Poor sanitation and unsafe drinking water
Hunger
Type of funding where funding comes from feds to local level
Top down
Purpose of this group is that all people attain the health level of care
World health Organization
What are the goals of the WHO guided by the 11th general programmer of work and United Nations millennium declaration
Development of areas/eradication of poverty
What are the challenges faced by the millennium development goal of developing areas and eradicating poverty
Food security Gender equality Maternal health Rural development Infrastructure and environmental in sustainability
Climate change
Core function of public health
Assessment community health
Comprehensive health policy development
Assurance of health services to communities
10 essential public health services
Local health departments is usually the responsibility of which groups?
City or county governments
Government health agency: coordinated school health
Public schools are funded by govt. and since school attendance is mandatory it is a potential for significant impact on community health .
Includes health education, healthy school, environments and health services
Quasi-govt. health agency
American Red Cross
National science foundation
National Academy of Sciences
Nongovernmental health agencies can be funded by private donations (T/F)
True
NGHA: non-profit organizations created by the concern of citizens to deal with a health need not meet by govt. health agency
Voluntary health agencies
NGHA: group made of educated health professional that provide continuing education, conventions and professional literature
PRofessional health organization
NGHA: an endowed institution that donates money for good of human kind
Philanthropic foundations
Health care facilities or health profession that provides health care services
Providers
In US colonial times- what was an almshouse
Poorhouse, run by local government, place to receive care
In US colonial times- what was a pest house
Place that served as an isolation for infectious diseases
Significant happenings in healthcare delivery in the 20th century
Hill Burton Act
Medicaid/ Medicare
Advances in medical technology
Third-party payment system
American health security act (1993)
Various types of health care delivery
Public health practice
Medical practice
Long-term practice
End-of-life practice
Type of health care delivery that incorporates interventions aimed at disease prevention and health promotion.
Public health practice
Categories of medical practice
Primary-first contact tx
Secondary- specialized attention and on going management
Tertiary- specialized and technologically sophisticated medical and surgical care
Long term practice categories
Restorative care
Long term care
Care provided after successful tx or when the progress of an incurable disease has been arrested
Restorative
Care that people with chronic illness, disabilities etc and disorders that limit them physically and mentally receive
Long term care
End of life care includes what care service
Hospice
Type of health care provider with the education and legal authority to treat any health problem
Independent
Type of independent provider whose remedies for illness produce affects different from illness
Allopathic
Independent provider whose rememdies emphasize the interrelationships of the body’s system in prevention, dx, and to.
Osteopathic
Independent providers who provide non traditional forms of healthcare
Nonallopathic
Healthcare providers who care for a specific part of the body
Limited or restricted
Types of nurse prepared in 2 years to give nursing care under supervision of physician or registered nurse
Licensed practical nurse
The of nurse successfully completed an accredited academic program and state examination
Registered nurse
A registered nurse holding a bachelor of science degree in nursing
Professional nurse
Nurse holding a masters or doctoral degree in a specialized area
Advanced practice nurse
Type of provider that is a clinical professionals who practice in many of the areas similar to those in which physicians practice, but do not have an MD or DO degree
Nonphysician practitioner
hospital that provides mainly one
type of medicine, is for-profit, and is owned at least in part by the physicians who practice in it
Specialty
Hospital that are supported and managed by govt. jurisdiction
Public hospital
nonprofit hospitals administered by not-for-profit corporations or charitable community
organizations
Voluntary hospitals
Hospitals that offer services in all or most of the levels of care defined by the spectrum of health care delivery
Full-service hospital
Hospital that only the specific services needed by the population served
Limited-service hospital
Terminology for those lacking the financial ability to pay for their medical care
Medically indigent
Outpatient Primary care center
Retail clinics at pharmacies
Quick clinics
Urgent care
The predominant organization responsible for accrediting health care facilities
Joint commission
Payments made by third party to provider
Reimbursement
Method of payment for healthcare in which after the service, a fee is paid
Fee for service
Define packaged pricing
Several health related serviced are included in one price
reimbursement to physicians according to the relative value of the service provided
Resource based relative value scale
Method of paying for covered health care services on a per-person premium basis for a specific time period to the service being rendered
Capitation
uses pre-established criteria to determine in advance the amount of reimbursement
Prospective reimbursement
written agreement between a private insurance company (or the government) and an individual or group of individuals to pay for certain health care costs during a certain time period in return for regular, periodic payments (a set amount of money) called premiums .
Policy
the amount of expenses that the beneficiary must incur before the insurance company begins to pay for covered services
Deductible
the portion of the insurance company’s approved amounts for covered services that a beneficiary is responsible for paying
Co-insurance
a negotiated set amount that a patient pays for certain services
Copayment
the maximum amount an insurer will pay for a certain service
Fixed indemnity
a health condition written into the health insurance policy indicating what is not covered by the policy
Exclusion
a medical condition that had been diagnosed or treated usually within the 6 months before the date a health insurance policy goes into effect
Pre-existing condition
one that pays the health care costs of its employees with the premiums collected from the employees and the contributions made by the employer
Self funded insurance programs
What are the four parts of Medicare insurance ?
Part A- Hospital insurance
Part B – medical insurance
Part C – managed care plans
Part D – prescription
Insurance for U.S. children without insurance, but do not qualify for Medicaid
Children’s health insurance program
an organization that buys fixed-rate health services from providers and sells them to consumers
Preferred provider organizations
like a PPO but with fewer providers and stronger financial incentives
Exclusive provider organizations
groups that supply prepaid comprehensive health care with an emphasis on prevention
Health maintenance organization
Type of HMO
contracts with physicians on an exclusive basis for services and does not allow those physicians to see patients for another managed care organization
Closed panel
model in which health care
providers are employed by the HMO and practice in common facilities paid for by the HMO
Staffed model HMO
Most common type of HMO; legal entities separate from the HMO that are physician organizations composed of community-based independent physicians in solo or group practices who provide services to HMO members.
Independent practice association
a system in which the federal government assumes the responsibility for the health care costs of the entire population
NAtional health insurance
Health care reform
health plan options that combine more
consumer responsibility for decisions with a tax-sheltered account to pay for out- of-pocket costs for health care and a high-deductible health insurance policy
Consumer-directed health plans
Health care reform
federal legislation passed in 2010; focus on increasing the
number of Americans who have health care/health insurance rights that they have not had in the past
Affordable care act
Health care model
Only the developed, industrialized countries – perhaps 40 of the world’s 200 countries – have established health care systems. Most of the nations on the planet are too poor and too disorganized to provide any kind of mass medical care. The basic rule in such countries is that the rich get medical care; the poor stay sick or die.
Out of pocket model
Health care model
Models uses private-sector providers, but payment comes from a government-run insurance program that every citizen pays into. Since there’s no need for marketing, no financial motive to deny claims and no profit, these universal insurance programs tend to be cheaper and much simpler administratively than American-style for-profit insurance.
The national health insurance model
HEalth care model
Model uses an insurance system – the insurers are called “sickness funds” – usually financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction.
Unlike the U.S. insurance industry, though, this type of health insurance plans have to cover everybody, and they don’t make a profit.
Bismarck
Healthcare model
In this system, health care is provided and financed by the government through tax payments, just like the police force or the public library.
Beveridge model
