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History Unit 6 > Why was there opposition to Soviet control in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, and how did the USSR react to this opposition? > Flashcards

Why was there opposition to Soviet control in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, and how did the USSR react to this opposition? Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the causes of the Hungarian Uprising?

A

De-stalinisation
Religion
Poland
Excessive Soviet control

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2
Q

Why did de-Stalinisation cause an uprising?

A

Caused problems as people in Hungary looked at Russia slackening control and therefore wanted that in their country.

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3
Q

Why was religion a cause for an uprising?

A

Communists had banned worshipping religion and imprisoned Cardinal Mindzenty for opposing communism, angering Catholics.

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4
Q

Why was Poland a cause for an uprising?

A

Władysław Gomułka (a Polish communist politician) had managed to make changes in Poland without a Russian reaction.

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5
Q

Why was excessive Soviet control a cause for an uprising?

A

People were annoyed due to censored media, secret police (AVH) and Russians exploiting their economy.

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6
Q

Who was the opposition leader of the Hungarian uprising?

A

Imre Nagy

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7
Q

What did Nagy do?

A
  1. Removed state control of media;
  2. Encouraged political and economic reform;
  3. Encouraged democracy, freedom of speech, and religion;
  4. Said he’d leave Warsaw Pact;
  5. Appealed to NATO to recognise Hungary’s independence.
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8
Q

How did the Soviets react to the Hungarian Uprising?

A
  1. Fighting
  2. Punishment
  3. Change of leadership (Nagy- executed in June 1958- replaced by Kadar)
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9
Q

How did the Soviets use fighting to stop the Hungarian Uprising?

A

25th October - Soviet’s try to oppose it violently but are met with 4000 Hungarians with machine guns. Soviets send in 1000 tanks and many men.

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10
Q

How did the Soviets use punishment to stop the Hungarian Uprising?

A

Many ring leaders of the resistance were killed or imprisoned

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11
Q

Who did the Russians replace Nagy with?

A

Kadar

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12
Q

When was Nagy executed?

A

June, 1958

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13
Q

What were the main causes of the Czechoslovakian uprising?

A
  1. Antonín Novotný
  2. Dubcek
  3. USA not helping them
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14
Q

Why was Novotny a cause for the Czechoslovakian uprising?

A

He had begun to lose control due to a few
things such as:
- A clumsy handling of a student protest (death involved)
- A broken economy being exploited by the Russians,
- Huge censorship of the media and lack of other freedoms.

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15
Q

Why did Novotny lose control?

A
  • He couldn’t handle a student protest (death involved)
  • He had a broken economy which was being exploited
    by the Russians.
  • Huge Censorship of media
  • Lack of other freedoms
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16
Q

Who was Dubcek?

A

A more liberal and popular communist who took over from Novotny

17
Q

Why was Dubcek a cause for the Czechoslovakian uprising?

A

He announced some changes he wanted to make under his ‘New Model of Socialism’.

18
Q

Why did the USA not helping them lead to the Czechoslovakian uprising?

A

Many people there believed that they would receive assistance if challenged by the Soviets

19
Q

Who was the opposition leader of the Czechoslovakian uprising?

A

Dubceck

20
Q

What was the Czechoslovakian reform called?

A

The Prague Spring

21
Q

What did Dubceck do?

A
  1. Increased individual liberties.
  2. Allowed other political parties (even though he was
    supposedly communist).
  3. Freedom of speech.
  4. Less government control over Industry.
  5. Wanted to stay in the Warsaw pact, but had a visit from
    Josef Tito, a communist not in the Warsaw pact who
    resided on the other side of the Iron Curtain
22
Q

How did the Soviets react to the Czechoslovakian uprising?

A
  1. Brezhnev Doctrine
  2. Fighting
  3. Change of leadership
23
Q

How did the Soviets use the Brezhnev Doctrine to stop the Czechoslovakian Uprising?

A

A policy announced which stated that if any Eastern bloc nation compromises Soviet rule or policy, Warsaw Pact will intervene

24
Q

How did the Soviets use fighting to stop the Hungarian Uprising?

A

500,000 Warsaw pact troops march into
Czechoslovakia and are met with peaceful resistance
(as advised by Dubcek). Only 70 civilians were killed
and student, Jan Palach, burnt himself to death in
protest to the Soviet invasion.

25
Q

Who did the Russians replace Dubceck with?

A

Gustav Husak

26
Q

What happened to Dubceck?

A

Downgraded (pictures censored, not executed)

History Unit 6 (4 decks)

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