Why was the national party victorious in 1948? Flashcards
In 1938, on the eve of the first world war, how were Afrikaner votes split?
What did Hertzog do in 1939, when parliament voted to support the British war effort?
What was at the core of the National Parties message to Afrikaners?
Almost equally between the NP- under Malan and the UP- under Smuts and Hertzog
He resigned from the UP
An idea of how they could survive in such a culturally mixed society
When did the Broederbond come about? What does Broederbond mean? Who were they? What ideological direction did they provide? What did the Broederbond initiate?
After 1939
“Band of Brothers”
A society of carefully chosen, Afrikaner, white men
One in favour of a Christian, nationalist, republican outlook
An Economic Movement to promote Afrikaner business so that national interests were advanced (as well as political and cultural fronts)
What church did most Afrikaners attend?
What did these churches support the idea of?
What did the religious believe about God’s plan?
What did this mean for “segregation”?
What was a key concern for many voters in 1948?
the Calvinist Dutch Reformed Churches
An autonomous (self-governing) volk
That black and white people played separate parts
It was necessary to avoid racial impurity
Inter-marrying between races
Why did many Afrikaners not want to fight in WW2 and what sympathies did some of them have?
What was the name, and meaning, of the mass Afrikaner anti-war movement?
How many members did it have at its peak?
How did militias dress, how did they campaign and what did they form?
Where did a few of the leaders take their inspiration from, what did critics compare them to?
What did most of them do after the war?
Did not want to fight for the British Empire, fascist sympathies
the Ossewabrandwag (Ox Wagon Guard)
300,000
They wore uniform, staged mass rallies and formed shoot associations
German fascism, the Nazis
Join Malan’s National Party
South Africa’s pre-WW2 segregationalist policies were not so different from other countries. Name an example of another country’s segregational laws.
Southern American Jim Crow laws
The legacy of what WW2 event led major powers to be more concerned with universal human rights?
When did India become independent and what happened to other colonial empires afterwards?
How did South Africa’s policies compare?
The Holocaust
1947, they dismantled
They were very controversial
Where did white South Africans find international sympathy in the 1940s and 1950s, being convinced that they stood for Western, Christian and anti-communist values?
States in South America, where segregation still had its supporters
What did Smuts play a major role in after the allied victory over fascism (WW2)?
Despite having the racial attitudes of his Afrikaner peers, what did Smuts begin to introduce to the party?
Being a pragmatist, what was Smuts prepared to facilitate for the economy?
What was the name of his minister of health, what did he advocate the urgent expansion of?
The formation of the United Nations
More liberal policies
Black workers; if the industry needed them
Henry Gluckman, Health services in the country (similar to the NHS), to serve both blacks and whites- though in segregated hospitals
What term did Afrikaner nationalists use in order to play on increasing racism in the 1948 election?
What was the Afrikaner term for black flooding in the cities (which whites opposed due to job competition)?
Where did Malan’s National Party still have its major support and, how did he still play on the fear of black movement to the cities?
What else did nationalists stir fears of?
What did the national party accuse Smuts of?
Swart Gevaar (black danger)
Oorstrooming
The countryside, oorstrooming would lead to labour shortages
Sexual relations across the colour line
Being sympathetic to black people and failing to control these political dangers
Despite forces swinging in Malan’s favour, what percentage of the vote did Malan win in 1948?
What percentage of votes did Smuts’s UP win?
Where did Smuts win most of his votes?
What voting system allowed Malan to win, how?
Which party did Malan join with to secure the win?
About 38%
49%
From big majorities in many English speaking, urban seats
The Westminster Constituency system, he won small majorities in the rural constituencies which had fewer voters
the Afrikaner party
Name three groups that Malan and his supporters saw as enemies
Name three things that were central to the NP supporters/that they were in favour of
Why could Afrikaners not see the injustice that they and the British caused black South Africans?
The British, Mining Capital and Smuts (he was Afrikaner who “worked for the British”)
Language and religion, a republic
They pictured themselves as bringing Christianity and civilisation to SA
