Why was Nureddin able to establish his dominance in Syria between 1146 and 1174? Flashcards
Military skill: What significant military action did Nureddin take in 1146?
Nureddin attacked and captured several castles near Antioch and drove Joscelin II out of Edessa.
Military skill: What territories did Nureddin seize in 1147?
Nureddin seized Artah, Kafar Latha, Basarfut, and Balat from Antioch.
Military skill: What happened in 1148 involving Nureddin and the Second Crusade?
Nureddin and his brother arrived at Damascus, forcing the Second Crusade to abandon the siege.
Military skill: What was the outcome of the attack on Inab in 1149?
Nureddin’s army destroyed the Frankish army, and Raymond of Poitiers was killed.
Military skill: What was the fate of Joscelin II of Edessa after his final defeat in 1150?
Joscelin II was blinded and died in prison in Aleppo in 1159.
Military skill: What occurred during the Battle of Harim in August 1164?
Nureddin decisively defeated a joint army from Antioch and Tripoli, capturing Bohemond III and Raymond III.
Military skill: What key town did Nureddin capture in 1164?
Nureddin captured the key town of Banias.
Military skill (limitation): What were Nureddin’s attempts to besiege Damascus in 1150 and 1151?
Nureddin besieged Damascus twice but retreated each time without success.
Military skill (limitation): What happened in 1152 regarding Tortosa?
Nureddin briefly captured Tortosa but was forced to abandon it.
Military skill (limitation): What significant battle occurred in 1163 involving Amalric and Nureddin?
Amalric defeated and almost killed Nureddin at the battle of al-Buqaia in Syria.
Propaganda and Jihad: How did Nureddin capitalize on his father’s success?
He presented himself as a rescuer of fellow Muslims in Damascus from the Second Crusade (1148)
Propaganda and Jihad; What symbolic act did Nureddin perform after the victory at Inab?
Nureddin symbolically bathed in the Mediterranean to assert Muslim dominance over Syria.
Propaganda and Jihad: What was Nureddin’s appeal to the citizens of Damascus in 1154?
He appealed to them to unite against the Franks, gaining their support.
Propaganda and Jihad: What educational institutions did Nureddin build in Damascus?
He built new schools (madrassas) and a ‘palace of justice’ in 1163.
Propaganda and Jihad: What was the central focus of Nureddin’s jihad?
Jerusalem was adopted as the central focus for Nureddin’s jihad.
Failures of the Franks: What divisions affected the Second Crusade’s effectiveness?
Divisions over the target of the Second Crusade led to ineffective alliances.
Failures of the Franks: What internal conflicts affected the siege of Damascus?
Internal squabbles among Frankish barons and lack of leadership hampered the siege.
Failures of the Franks: What tensions existed in Jerusalem between 1149 and 1152?
Major tensions existed between Melisende and her son Baldwin III over power.
Failures of the Franks: What was the outcome of Baldwin III’s siege of Shaizar in 1157?
The siege broke down due to disagreements over leadership.
Failures of the Franks: What was Amalric’s focus during his invasions from 1163 to 1169?
Amalric’s invasions of Egypt directed resources away from Syria.
Lack of external aid to the Franks: What was the response to appeals for a new crusade after the Second Crusade?
There was no response to appeals for a new crusade between 1163 and 1165.
Lack of external aid to the Franks: What was the outcome of Pope Alexander III’s papal bulls?
Kings failed to respond to the papal bulls seeking aid for the Holy Land.
Lack of external aid to the Franks: What hindered Henry II’s preparations for a crusade?
A large rebellion in 1173-74 hindered his preparations.
Lack of external aid to the Franks (limitations): What was Baldwin III’s attempt to improve relations with Byzantium?
Baldwin III married Theodora in 1158 to establish an alliance.
Lack of external aid to the Franks (limitations): How did Byzantine protection affect Antioch?
Byzantine protection played a vital role in deterring attacks on Antioch.
Failures of the Franks (limitations): What happened in Damascus in 1148?
There was a siege of Damascus.
Despite this, in 1150, Damascus still turned to the Franks for support.
Failures of the Franks (limitations): What was Amalric’s focus during his reign?
Amalric focused on Egypt.
This focus might have been a mistake, but it massively enriched Outremer.
