Why was Germany divided by 1949? Flashcards
Who attended Potsdam, July-Aug 1945 (third big summit)?
- Russia/USSR - Stalin
- America - Tuuman
- Britain - Attlee
What were the Consequences of Potsdam 1945 (third big summit)?
- USSR = allowed to take reparations from Soviet Zone and also 10% of the industrial equipment.
- More disagreements between powers of conflicting ideology.
At the beginning of the Potsdam 1945 Conference (third big summit), what did Truman learn and why was this significant?
America had tested the first atomic bomb ~ huge advantage to Americans.
What was the purpose of the meeting at Potsdam 1945 (third big summit)?
- Nazi Party = banned and leaders tried as war criminals.
- The Oder-Neisse line (two rivers) was to form part of the future border between Poland and Germany
- Stalin = wanted to take more reparations.
Britain and USA = denied Stalin to have a naval base in the Mediterranean. - Set up the four ‘zones of occupation’ in Germany. The Nazi Party, government & laws were to be destroyed.
- Truman was inclined to get tough with the Russians.
Who attented Yalta, Feb 1945 (second big summit)?
- Britain - Churchill
- Russia/USSR - Stalin
- USA - Roosevelt
What was the Purpose of meeting at Yalta, Feb 1945 (second big summit)?
Germany would be divided into four zones ~ run by the USA, France, Britain and the USSR.
What were the outcomes of meeting at Yalta, Feb 1945 (second big summit)?
- Germany’s capital city, Berlin = divided into four zones.
- Countries of Eastern Europe = allowed to hold free elections to decide how they were governed.
- The USSR would join the war against Japan in return for territory in Manchuria and Sakhalin Island.
Who attended Teheran, 1943 (first big summit)?
- Churchill
- Roosevelt
- Stalin
What was the purpose of the meeting at Teheran, 1943 (first big summit)?
Military strategy for end of war campaign, borders/Germany economy post WW2.
What were the outcomes of the meeting at Teheran, 1943 (first big summit)?
Disagreements over borders, no concrete plan created.
When did WW2 end?
2 September 1945.
How would ordinary Germans feel about the end of war?
- Propaganda meant that they expected to win.
- Annoyed at Hitler ~ lies being spread regarding the war. Hitler was most likely aware of this, explaining why he hid away for the last years of the war.
- Relief ~ impact of bombing, weakening of Nazi powers, rationing.
Who was in charge of the economy after 1942?
Speer.
When was Auschwitz liberated and why was this significant?
27 January 1945. ~ largest concentration camp, closest concentration camp to Russia ~ turning point for Russian invasion from allies.
What issues would face Germany at the end of the war?
- British aircraft launched an attack on Dresden 13th February 1945 ~ Britain and their US allies would drop nearly 4,000 tons of explosives ~ 78,000 dwellings = completely destroyed. People were made homeless and lost everything, including their lives.
- Rationing.
- Displacement of people.
- PTSD/casualties.
- Undo the war economy.
- Pariah.
- Government = non-existent.
- Education rebuilt.
What does Pariah mean?
Outcast.
Who are the USSR?
Russia.
What are the Three ‘summits’?
A meeting between heads of government.
What took place between the ‘Grande Alliance’?
Why was it formed?
Who were they?
- Three ‘summits’
- ‘Grande Alliance’ = formed out of military necessity.
- USSR, USA & Britain.