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A2 History Key Dates > Why The Cold War Started > Flashcards

Why The Cold War Started Flashcards

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0
Q

When was the Yalta conference

Month/Year

A

February 1945

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1
Q

When did WWII end?

Day/Month/Year

A

8th May 1945

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2
Q

When was the Potsdam conference?

Lasted just over 2 weeks

A

17th July - 2nd August 1945

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3
Q

When was the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima?

Day/Month/Year

A

6th August 1945

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4
Q

When did the war against Japan end?

Day/Month/Year

A

2nd September 1945

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5
Q

When was Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech at Fulton, Missouri?

(Day/Month/Year)

A

5th March 1946

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6
Q

When did the Greek Civil War Start?

Day/Month/Year

A

10th September 1946

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7
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine launched?

Month/Year

A

March 1947

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8
Q

When was Marshall Aid established?

Month/Year

A

June 1947

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9
Q

When was the communist coup in Czechoslovakia?

Month/Year

A

February 1948

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10
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade begin?

Month/Year

A

June 1948

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11
Q

When was NATO established?

Month/Year

A

April 1949

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12
Q

When was the Berlin Blockade lifted?

Month/Year

A

May 1949

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13
Q

What dates was the Berlin Blockade begin and end?

2 x (Month/Year)

A

June 1948 - May 1949

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14
Q

What 2 things were established in1947

A

Truman Doctrine (March) and Marshall Aid (June)

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15
Q

4 factors for why the Cold War and what schools of history to they correspond to?

A

USSR’s fault (traditionalist)
USA’s fault (Revisionist)
Product of early environment (Post-Revisionist)
Misunderstandings and Misconceptions

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16
Q

What is the traditionalist view to how the Cold War started?

A

USSR’s fault

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17
Q

What is the Revisionist view to how the Cold War started?

A

USA’s fault

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18
Q

What is the post-revisionist view to how the Cold War started?

A

Product of its early environment

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19
Q

Describe the point for USSRs Fault in starting the Cold War? (4 points) - SGSpN

A
  1. Salami Tactics
  2. Failing to unify Germany
  3. Stalin’s policies
  4. Nuclear bomb developed in 1949
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20
Q

Describe the point for USSRs Fault in starting the Cold War? (4 points)

A
  1. Salami Tactics
  2. Failing to unify Germany
  3. Stalin’s policies
  4. Nuclear bomb developed in 1949
21
Q

Describe the point for USSRs Fault in starting the Cold War?

A
  1. Salami Tactics
  2. Failing to unify Germany
  3. Stalin’s policies
  4. Nuclear bomb developed in 1949
22
Q

Describe the point for the USAs fault in starting the Cold War? (4/5 points) - PRTM (Mc)

A
  1. Potsdam deceptions, 1945
  2. WWII fears of economic recession
  3. Truman Doctrine, 1947
  4. Marshall Aid, 1947
    (5. McCarthyism)
23
Q

Describe the point for the USAs fault in starting the Cold War? (4/5 points)

A
  1. Potsdam deceptions, 1945
  2. WWII fears of economic recession
  3. Truman Doctrine, 1947
  4. Marshall Aid, 1947
    (5. McCarthyism)
24
Q

Describe the point for the USAs fault in starting the Cold War?

A
  1. Potsdam deceptions, 1945
  2. WWII fears of economic recession
  3. Truman Doctrine, 1947
  4. Marshall Aid, 1947
    (5. McCarthyism)
25
Q

Describe the point for the Cold War starting as a product of its early environment? (3 points) 3LA

A
  1. The Big Three - Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
  2. The legacy of WWII - economic position
  3. Attitudes in 1945 - USSR vs. GBR+USA
26
Q

Describe the point for the Cold War starting as a product of its early environment? (3 points)

A
  1. The Big Three - Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
  2. The legacy of WWII - economic position
  3. Attitudes in 1945 - USSR vs. GBR+USA
27
Q

Describe the point for the Cold War starting as a product of its early environment?

A
  1. The Big Three - Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill
  2. The legacy of WWII - economic position
  3. Attitudes in 1945 - USSR vs. GBR+USA
28
Q

Explain the point that the Cold War started as a result of misunderstandings and misconceptions? (4 points) BKID

A
  1. Buffer Zone vs. Soviet Expansionism argument
  2. Keenan’s long Telegram, Feb, 1946
  3. Iron Curtain Speech, 1946
  4. Direct result = McCarthyism
29
Q

Explain the point that the Cold War started as a result of misunderstandings and misconceptions? (4 points)

A
  1. Buffer Zone vs. Soviet Expansionism argument
  2. Keenan’s long Telegram, Feb, 1946
  3. Iron Curtain Speech, 1946
  4. Direct result = McCarthyism
30
Q

Explain the point that the Cold War started as a result of misunderstandings and misconceptions?

A
  1. Buffer Zone vs. Soviet Expansionism argument
  2. Keenan’s long Telegram, Feb, 1946
  3. Iron Curtain Speech, 1946
  4. Direct result = McCarthyism
31
Q

What was the quote from Keenan’s Long Telegram?

A

‘hostile world outside his borders’

32
Q

What was Keenan’s argument that contributed to the policy of ‘containment’

A

Logic of Force

33
Q

What US policy did Keenan’s logic of force argument contribute too?

A

Containment

34
Q

What could be used as a direct result of misunderstandings and misconceptions?

A

McCarthyism

35
Q

What was Soviet attitudes in 1945? (part of product of environment)

A

Foreign policy was based around taking advantage of the military situation in Europe to strengthen Soviet influence and prevent anther attack from the West.

36
Q

What year did Roosevelt die and who succeeded him?

A

1945, Truman

37
Q

When was containment achieved by the US?

A

by the end of 1946

38
Q

What happened to the US economy as a result of WWII?

A

GDP doubled by 1944

39
Q

Who deceived who at Potsdam, 1945?

A

Truman failed to tell Stalin about the dropping of the bomb on Hiroshima

40
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine do?

A

USA would aid any country under attack from armed minorities - aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

41
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

Provide financial support for all war torn countries - conditions made it almost impossible for communist countries to apply.

42
Q

When did the USSR develop their nuclear bomb?

A

1949

43
Q

What were Stalin’s policies, making the Cold War more the USSR’s fault?

A

Dollar Imperialism, Cominform and Comecon

44
Q

What was the USSR’s response to Marshall Aid?

A

Comecon

45
Q

As part of Salami tactics, name some countries where they overthrew the political systems…

A

Poland, Czechoslovakia (1948), and Romania

46
Q

Describe the USSR’s fault factor

A
  1. Salami tactics- between 1946-1947, established a broad alliance of anti-fascists until a communist core remained- overthrew political systems in Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia to name a few
  2. Failure to unify Germany (Berlin blockade in 1948) kept it as a point of tension)
  3. Stalin’s policies - Dollar imperialism, Cominform and Comecon (response to Marshall aid, a believed attack on communism). Rather than compromise/accept economic help they needed, they resisted it.
  4. 1949 they developed the nuclear bomb, proving their commitment to anti-western attitudes
47
Q

Describe the USA’s fault factor

A
  1. Potsdam Conference- Trumam failed to tell Stalin their plans to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan (1945)
  2. WWII- fears of economic recession - made the U.S. industrialists keen to protect this potential market from being closed off by the spread of communism
  3. Truman Doctrine, 1947= USA would aid any country under attack from armed minorities- aimed at preventing the spread of communism
  4. Marshall Aid, 1947 = provide financial support for all war-torn countries: conditions made it almost impossible for communist countries to apply
48
Q

Describe the ‘product of its early environment’ factor

A
  1. ‘The Big Three’ emerged post WWII (Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill) and began controlling international affairs, e.g. Tehran, 1943
  2. Legacy of WWII - USA wanted to maintain their war economy; GDP doubled by 1944 due to war production.
    USSR’s economy suffered- 1,700 towns, 31,000 factories and 100,000 farms destroyed - clearly showing the USA’s stronger socio-economic position; however they relied on the continuation of war.
  3. Attitudes in 1945: USSR = foreign policy was based on taking advantage of military situation in Europe to strengthen Soviet influence and prevent another attack from the West.
    GBR = hostile towards USSR- more suspicious than US.
    U.S. = Roosevelt was fighting for the 4 freedoms but died in April 1945 - succeeded by Truman who was inexperienced and ill-prepared -> Keenan = deputy chief of mission @ US embassy in Moscow ->
    Telegram, 1946 = Soviet action was suspicious and recommended action from the U.S.- by the end of 1946 = containment
    > UK and US = fearful of expansionism: by 1946 had united foreign policy against the USSR and the spread of communism
49
Q

‘Product of its early environment’

What were the 3 statistics for devastation in the USSR?

A

1,700 towns
31,009 factories
100,000 farms
All destroyed

50
Q

Describe the Misunderstandings and Misconceptions factor

A
  1. Argument of ‘Buffer Zone’ vs. expansionism
  2. Keenan’s Long Telegram, in 1946, about nature of Soviet conduct - key idea: Soviet system = threat of a ‘hostile world outside his borders.’ Keenan’s ‘logic of force’ argument helped to harden US attitudes and was to play a key role in the development of ‘containment.’
  3. Iron Curtain Speech, 1946, acknowledged Soviet expansionism -> stepped up intensity of propaganda
    - Soviet reaction = Stalin compared Churchill to Hitler and withdrew from the IMF (international Monetary Fund)
  4. Direct result = McCarthyism: his accusations of conspiracy against the USSR led to purges and show trials of any ‘un-American behaviour’ - mirroring Stalin’s purges in the 30s

A2 History Key Dates (6 decks)

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