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1:Fundamentals of Testing > Why Is testing Necessary? > Flashcards

Why Is testing Necessary? Flashcards

1
Q

What can failed software result in?

A

Financial Loss. Wasted Time. Loss of reputation. Injury or death. (Or May have an insignificant effect).

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2
Q

What does testing reduce the risk of?

A

Software failure

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3
Q

3 causes of software defects

A

Errors. Defects. Failure.

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4
Q

What is an error?

A

A human action that produces an incorrect result

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5
Q

What is a defect?

A

A flaw in the system that can cause it to fail to perform its required function

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6
Q

What is a failure?

A

Deviation of a system from its expected delivery, service or result. Could also be caused by data, hardware or environmental condition.

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7
Q

What can a failure be caused by?

A

It’s a deviation of the system from its expected delivery, service or result. Can also be caused by data, hardware or environmental,

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8
Q

What is a testers job?

A

To expose defects by causing a failure before the software gets to production

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9
Q

3 areas of software cycle that requires testing

A

Software development, maintenance and operations

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10
Q

The quality of the software system increases when a defect is

A

Found and fixed

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11
Q

Define quality

A

The extent of which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and or/user needs and expectations.

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12
Q

How can you measure quality?

A

Number of defects found, usability, maintain ability, reliability

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13
Q

What is reliability?

A

Number of failures in a given time period

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14
Q

How much testing is enough testing?

A

Context dependent, level of risk

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15
Q

What is testing?

A

The process of all life cycle activities, both static and dynamic concerning planning, preperation, and evaluation of software products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate they are fit for purpose and detect defects

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16
Q

Test activities exist before and after test execution

A 
Planning and Control. 
Identify test condition. 
Design test cases. 
Implement completion criteria. 
Report on test process. 
Closure,
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17
Q

5 testing objectives.

A 
Find defects. 
Meet business requirement. 
Gain confidence about the level of quality. 
Provides info for decision making.
Prevent defects.
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18
Q

What is debugging?

A

Development activity that identifies the cause of a defect, repairs the code and checks that the defect has been fixed correctly.

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19
Q

What does testing show?

A

Failures that are caused by defects.

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20
Q

Who debugs?

A

Developers debug.

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21
Q

In dynamic testing, the tester observed a failure then does what????? As a developer then debugges(investigated and fix and checks) then they report it and WHAT happens next?

A

Report incident. Detest to confirm failure no longer occurs.

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22
Q

What are the 7 testing principles?

A

Presence of defects. Early Testing. Exhaustive testing is impossible. Defect clustering. Pesticide paradox. Testing is context dependent. Absence of errors fallacy.

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23
Q

What is the presence of defects?

A

Even if no defects are found it does not prove correctness. Can increase reliability but never guarantee 100% quality. Shows defects are present but can’t prove there are no remaining defects.

24
Q

What is exhaustive testing is impossible?

A

All combinations and permutations of test inputs is impossible, as physically just infinite amounts…

25
Q

Where should you focus the testing on (which areas)

A

On areas that’ll do the most good (most critical functions, most commonly used transactions)

26
Q

What is early testing?

A

Wanting to test as early as possible to prevent defect multiplication

27
Q

Explain defect clustering?

A

80:20 rule. Small number of modules tend to contain the most defect and are responsible for operational failures

28
Q

What is the 80:20 rule?

A

80% of defects are found in 20% of the code.

29
Q

Explain pesticide paradox?

A

Re running tests is less powerful than deriving new tests, developers learn from mistakes and produce software to pass standard tests so new test need to be produced. New tests should be devised at different viewpoints at different stages of testing.

30
Q

What does testing is context dependent mean?

A

Testing is done different in different contexts…. duh

31
Q

Explain the absence of errors fallicy

A

Finding and fixing defects doesn’t help if the system is unusually and doesn’t fulfill the users expectations,
Removing defects is a different objective from meeting business needs.

32
Q

What are the 5 main activities of fundamental test process?

A

Planning and control. Analysis and design. Implement and execution. Evaluate exit criteria and reporting. Test closure activities.

33
Q

What are the major task of test planning?

A

Determine scope, risk and identify objectives of testing. Implement test policy and or test strategy. Determine test approach. Determine required resources. Determine entry and exit criteria. Schedule test activities.

34
Q

What is test control?

A

Ongoing activity that comparing the actual progress against the plan, reporting status includes deviations from plan.

35
Q

What are the tasks of test control?

A

Take controlling actions as required. Compare actual progress against plan. Monitor test activities and results throughout a project.

36
Q

What happens m in the test analysis and design?

A

Activity general of testing objectives are transformed into test conditions and test designs.

37
Q

What tasks occur in the test analysis and design?

A

Review the test basis. Evaluate the test basis for testability. Identify and prioritise these test conditions. Design and prioritise high level test cases. Identify test data to support test conditions and test cases. Create bi-directional traceability between test basis and test cases. Design the test environmental set up, identify required infrastructure and tools.

38
Q

What is the test implementation and execution?

A

Test procedures (manual) and test scripts(automated) are specified by combining the test cases in a particular order and including any other info needed for test execution, the environment is set up and the tests are run.

39
Q

What are some implementation tasks?

A

Finalise, implements and prioritise Test cases. Develop and prioritise test procedures, or write automated scripts. Create test suites (group of code) from the test procedures for efficient execution. Create test data. Verify that the environment has been set up correctly,

40
Q

What are the execution tasks?

A

Execute test procedures according to the planned sequence. Manually or using automated test execution tools.
Log the outcome of test execution. Compare actual results to expected results. Report discrepancies as incidents and analyse them in order to establish their cause. Re test (confirmation testing) and regression testing as nevessary.

41
Q

What is retesting?

A

Of code doesn’t pass then once altered rerun again to check if it now passes

42
Q

What is regression testing.

A

Testing code that passed again, to check that other modifications and changes have not affected it.

43
Q

What is the evaluating exit criteria and reporting?

A

Activity where the test execution is assessed against the defined objectives (done at each test level).

44
Q

What tasks occur at the evaluating exit criteria and reporting?

A

Check test logs against the exit criteria specified in test planning. Assess if more tests are needed or if the exit criteria specified should be changed. Write a test summary report for stakeholders.

45
Q

What is the test closure?

A

Collect data from completed test activities to consolidate experience, testware facts and numbers. Occur at big milestones/project finished.

46
Q

What tasks occur at the test closure activities.

A

Check planned deliverables have been delivered. Close incident reports or raise change request form. Document the acceptance of a system. Finalise and archive testware and the test environment for later reuse: hand over to maintenance organisation. Analyse lessones learned and improvise test maturity.

47
Q

What is test independence?

A

Test cases designed by someone other than the person who wrote the software,

48
Q

The higher the level of independence…. then

A

The more effective the testing is

49
Q

Explain the low to high independence (test)…

A

Tests designed by person who wrote it… by someone in team… someone in different organisation group… different organisation/company so an external body

50
Q

Do testers and developers have the same view on software?

A

No

51
Q

Regarding the view on software,,, what is the testers?

A

All software contains bugs and focuses their attention on finding these defects

52
Q

Regarding their view on software what are the developers?

A

Want software to work and may not try too hard to shot if it doesn’t. View defects as a negative process which cause delays, particularly when under pressure to meet deadlines

53
Q

Who’s mindset of software is… its acceptable quality… will work… optimistic… defect is bad news… short term view

A

Developer

54
Q

The mindset of software from a tester is…

A

It contains defects… pessimistic… defects are good news… won’t work… long term view

55
Q

Why should we have good communication between the tester and developer?

A

Leads to quality software, as defects and fixes in a constructive manner.

56
Q

How to improve the communication and relationship between tester and developer?

A

Collaborative approach rather than conflict as both have common goal of to make the software better. Find fault in the product not the developer. Ensure communication is neutral, objective and fact based.
Imagine yourself in their position. Confirm mutual understanding.

57
Q

What are the 8 things in the code of ethics?

A

Public. Profession. Client and employer. Judgement. Product, management. Colleges. Self.

1:Fundamentals of Testing (1 decks)

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