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Biology of Sex > Why is sex interesting? > Flashcards

Why is sex interesting? Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of sex?

A

Different organisms producing different, specialised cells by meiosis
These cells are haploid gametes

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2
Q

What is isogamy

A

Gametes identical in size

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3
Q

What is anisogamy

A

Asymmetrical gametes

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4
Q

What is budding?

A

smaller version of the organism grows on you then pops off

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5
Q

how do bacteria, protists and some unicellular fungi reproduce

A

asexually - binary fission

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6
Q

how do baker’s yeast, hydra and anemones reproduce

A

asexually - budding

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7
Q

how do plants reproduce

A

asexually - vegetative reproduction

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8
Q

Give examples of vegetative reproduction

A

bulb splits
potato bits break off and form new potato plants
air plants reproduce in a similar way to budding

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9
Q

how do some fungi and algae reproduce

A

asexually - spores

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10
Q

why are spores not gametes

A

diploid cells - have the same number of chromosomes as parents

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11
Q

how do lichens, annelids, sea stars and plants reproduce

A

asexually - fragmentation

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12
Q

what is fragmentation reproduction

A

parts of an individuals break off and then grow into a new individual

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13
Q

Give examples of fragmentation reproduction

A

star fish arms can grow new bodies

Japanese knotweed grows into lots of new plants if cut up

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14
Q

How do rotifers, insects, reptiles and amphibians reproduce

A

asexually -parthenogenesis

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15
Q

what is parthenogenesis reproduction

A

females lay eggs or give birth without fertilisation

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16
Q

What five things make sexual reproduction costly

A 
requires two sexes
conflict
need to produce gametes
risk of catching STIs
Own genes diluted by 50% with those of partner
17
Q

why does the need for two sexes make sexual reproduction costly

A

Spend lots of time and energy looking for a mate or gamete of the same species (eg lots of gametes in the ocean so hard to find the gamete of the same species)
Need to persuade a mate - courtship (eg courtship dances and rituals use lots of energy and exposes the males to predators)

18
Q

Why does conflict make sexual reproduction costly

A

waste energy fighting other males

risk of death, injury and not securing a partner

19
Q

why does the need for gametes make sexual reproduction costly

A

most gametes are wasted
(eg lots of sperm released but only one fertilises an egg/lots of eggs released into the sea but only a couple develop into fish)

20
Q

describe the twofold cost of sex

A

sexual females have half the amount of daughters of asexual females so population grows at half the rate

21
Q

how long has sex been around for

A

1.2 billion years

22
Q

are the most life forms sexual or asexual

A

sexual

23
Q

are the most organisms sexual or asexual

A

asexual

24
Q

which lineage outcompetes the other in regard to reproduction

A

sexual reproduction outcompetes asexual reproduction

25
Q

Advantages of sexual reproduction

A

generates genetic diversity
eliminates costly mutations
alleles beneficial alleles to mix

26
Q

how are costly mutations removed and beneficial alleles mixed during sexual reprodction

A

crossing over

independent segregation

27
Q

advantages of asexual reproduction

A

quick
doesnt require much energy
no costly non reproducing sex
genes not diluted

28
Q

why doesnt asexual reproduction require much energy

A

energy isnt wasted of fighting, looking for a mate, or courtship

29
Q

why is there no costly non reproducing sex in asexual reproduction

A

no gametes wasted

no risk of not mating

30
Q

why are genes not diluted in asexual reproduction

A

offspring are identical copy of mother

31
Q

disadvantage of asexual reproduction

A

no genetic diversity

Biology of Sex (2 decks)

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