Why Does Social Class Influence Education Echivement Flashcards
External factors explainetions
Refers to factors outside school and the educational system such as home,family background and wider society
Internal factors definition
Refers to the factors within school and the education system such as interactions between pupils and teachers and inequality between schools
Material deprivation
When a person lacks the Morden day physical necessities of life,such as adequate housing diet and income
Culture deprivation
When a person lacks the “right” norms, values, attitudes and language need to do well in school
Cultural capital
The values and attitudes need to be successful in school which is often required for educational success
Why can poor housing lead to poor educational success
Overcrowding can make it hard to study. Overcrowding means less room for educational play and disturbed sleep from sharing beds or bedrooms For young children development can be impaired through lack of space for safe play and exploration- families living temporary accommodation may find themselves having to move a lot resulting in constant change of school and disrupted education Warwick university found that students face selection or admission by mortgage whereby wealthier middle class parent can move in the catchment area of a good school leaving the poorer performing schools foul of the working class meaning that schools in such area are more likely to have discipline problems stoping children from learning
How can diet and health affect achievement
Howard (2001) notes that young people from poorer homes have a lower intake of energy,vitamins and minerals poor nutrition affects health eg weakening the immune system and lowering children’s energy levels this may result in absences from school due to ill health
Feinstein found that poor diet amongst low income groups can affect school performance interaction and self esteem- not being able to concentrating in class
Financial support and the coast of education
Lack of financial support means that children from poorer families have to do without equipment and miss out on experience that would enhance their educational achievement
Bull (1980)
Refers to it as the ‘coast of free schooling’
Emily tanner (2003)
Found that the cost of Items such as transport, uniforms etc places a heavy burden on poorer families
Smith and noble
Point out the importance of material factors in influencing class differences in educational achievement for example having money allows parents to provide computers, educational toys
Young people from poorer families are more likely to have part time jobs this may create a conflict between the competing demands of study and paid work
Callender and Jackson (2005)
Found that the attitudes to dept was important in deciding whether to apply to university the most dept averse students were 5 times less likely to apply than the working middle class
Cultural deprivation theories
Cultural deprivation is the is idea that some pupils are lacking the right culture needed for educational success
Attitudes and values
It is argued that working class parents tend to value education less that middle class and this has a negative effect on working class students Research shows that working class parents are less likely to take an interest in their children school work and homework and are less likely to attend parents evening
Sugerman
Middle and working class subculture more directly to differential educational achievement He claimed that middle class jobs provide an opportunity for continuous advancement in income and status this encourages planning for the future and deferred gratification
What’s is deferred gratification
when the subject resists the temptation of an immediate reward in preference for a later reward eg studying instead of going out and having fun
What is immediate gratification
Emphasises the enjoyment of pleasure of the moment eg going to a party instead of doing home studies
Fatalism
Belief in fate “ what ever will be will be” this involves an acceptance of the situation and status than rather than making an effort
Parents education and intellectual stimulation
It is argued that less education, working class parents are less likely to give their children education toys and activities
Feinstein (2008)
Argues that the main reason for working class children under achieving was their parents lack of interest
What is a restriction language code
A language code that is less analytic and more descriptive-working class
What is the the elaborate code
More analytic in which the speak out exactly what they mean it crucially what the exams and textbooks use witch gone the middle class children an advantage
Evaluation of cultural deprivation
.Keddie describe cultural deprivation as a myth and see if as victim blaming and argues that cultural different not deprived
.Reay (2009) points out that Woking class people often lack confidence so therefore less likely to go to parents evening
.zero hour contracts mean that parents could work in shifts meaning it can be hard to go to parents evening
. Less educational toys could be due to la k of money
Cultural capital
Bourdieu (1984) argues that both cultural and material factors contrtro educational achievement and are not separate but interrelated he uses the term cultural capital to refer to the knowledge,attitudes values and language
Economic capital
Ownership of wealth
Paying for private education or additional support
Culture capital
Having the right educational qualifications, lifestyle and knowledge of arts and literature
Social capital
Possession of valuable social contacts
Parents may know how to gain admission to the best schools
Symbolic capital
Possession of status
Could help with admission to private or selective schools
