Why did support for fascism grow 1919-1922

Question 1

What did Mussolini create in March 1919?

Answer 1

• Fasci
• 20 ex servicemen leagues

Question 2

What was common ideology about the fasci?

Answer 2

hatred of liberal state and contempt of socialists

Question 3

What was the aims of the Fasci party at this time 1919?

Answer 3

• anti-clerical
• end to monarchy
• 8 hour working day
• demanded nationalisation of industry

Question 4

What did Mussolini feel during the war?

Answer 4

• camaraderie
• trincerocrazia

Question 5

What was the early Fasci di combattimento made up of?

Answer 5

arditti (crack troop commandos) made in WW1 during Caporetto

Question 6

What were the fascist party called?

Answer 6

blackshirts

Question 7

What did the experience of war create?

Answer 7

strong culture of violence among returning soldiers

Question 8

What did the returning soldiers see the socialists as?

Answer 8

internal enemy `

Question 9

What were the small military squads called?

Answer 9

squadrisiti,

Question 10

What happened in April 1919?

Answer 10

• 200-300 fascist squads
• attack socialist demonstration
• burned down Avanti office

Question 11

Why did Mussolini see the April violence as important?

Answer 11

saw how violence can be useful

Question 12

How many members of fasci around June?

Answer 12

3,000

Question 13

What was the outcome of the November election?

Answer 13

• fascists do poorly, less than 5,000 votes
• socialists win 32% of votes (156 deputies)
• liberals bad (signals end of liberal gov)

Question 14

Why did the liberals still remain in power though?

Answer 14

• PCI and Catholics not working together

Question 15

What was the government response to fascist violence in april?

Answer 15

no attempt to close down or condemn their action

Question 16

What did the little government reaction to squadrisiti violence tell Mussolini?

Answer 16

government prepared to take squadrisit violence because of fear of socialits

Question 17

How many people in support of unions in 1920?

Answer 17

2 million

Question 18

What was the economy like in 1920?

Answer 18

crisis

Question 19

What was the wheat production like?

Answer 19

38 mil quintals compared to 52 mil before WW1

Question 20

What percentage did industrial production fall too?

Answer 20

15%

Question 21

How many people unemployed by 1919?

Answer 21

2 mil

Question 22

What was the ‘New Programme’?

Answer 22

• more conservative and right wing
• drop removal of monarchy and church
• more succesful

Question 23

What PM resigned in June 1920

Answer 23

Nitti

Question 24

Why did Nitti resign?

Answer 24

• poor eco situation
• situation at Fiume
• failure to please left by reform
• failure of right by not crushing protests and strikes

Question 25

How many metalworkers occupied factories in Sep 1920?

Answer 25

400,000

Question 26

What were the strikes known as?

Answer 26

Bienno Rosso strikes

Question 27

Who replaced Nitti?

Answer 27

Giolitti

Question 28

How did Giolitti overcome the strikes?

Answer 28

- non-violent - ask businesses to give shares to workers

Question 29

What was the result of Giolitti's tactics?

Answer 29

lost support of m/c, nationalists, industrialists, catholics as he gave into unions demands

Question 30

How many provinces did socialists control by 1920 Nov?

Answer 30

26 out of 29

Question 31

Who did m/c people start to support?

Answer 31

fascist squads, leaders like Italo Balbo and Ferrara

Question 32

What groups were targeted

Answer 32

PSI members, weapons suppiled by police and army barracks

Question 33

What happened the the PSI during 1921?

Answer 33

members left to form PCI, means they are weak

Question 34

What myth did Mussolini create during 1921?

Answer 34

Failure of left was due to Fascists and he saved Italy