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History Paper 2 > Why did International Peace collapse by 1939 > Flashcards

Why did International Peace collapse by 1939 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were Hitlers plans for Germany

A

Abolish the ToV
Expand German territory
Defeat communism

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2
Q

When did Hitler attempt to take Austria and who stopped him

A

1934
Mussolini

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3
Q

When did Germany withdraw from the LoN

A

October 1933

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4
Q

Give 3 details showing Hitlers rearmament in the 1930’s

A

In June 1935 Hitler signed Anglo-German Naval agreement allowing them to have a navy 35% the size of Britain’s

In 1935 Hitler openly staged a military rally

In 1936 Hitler reintroduced conscription

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5
Q

When was the Saar Plebiscite held and what was the outcome

A

January 1935
Saar region returned to Germany with the vote 90% in favour of returning to German rule

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6
Q

What was signed in 1935 (what month?) between Russia and France and what was its aim

A

May 1935
Franco-Soviet treaty of Mutual assistance
Had the aim of enveloping Nazi Germany in 1935 to reduce the threat from Central Europe.

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7
Q

When did Hitler move troops into the Rhineland

A

March 1936

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8
Q

Why did Hitler feel he could take the risk to remilitarise the Rhineland (three reasons)

A

Many people in Britain felt Hitler had a right to station troops in the Rhineland so gambled that they wouldn’t react
Hitler used the Mutual Assistance pact signed by the USSR and France to claim Germany was under threat making this a defensive measure
The LoN were distracted by Abyssinia

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9
Q

What were the German troops ordered to do if the French Army opposed them

A

Retreat

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10
Q

When did the Spanish Civil war start

A

July 1936

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11
Q

Who supported which sides in the Spanish civil war

A

Republican Government supported by the USSR indirectly with weapons, aircrafts and pilots
Right-wing rebels under Franco supported by Hitler and Mussolini
Britain and France didn’t intervene however France helped the Republicans minimally

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12
Q

How did Mussolini and Hitler help Franco

A

Mussolini sent thousands of troops officially volunteers
Germany sent aircrafts and pilots who were heavily involved

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13
Q

When was Guernica and who was involved

A

April 1937 by Germany

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14
Q

What did the Spanish Civil War do to relations between nations

A

Italy and Germany’s bond was strengthen
Made USSR trust Britain less

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15
Q

When did Japan invade China

A

July 1937

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16
Q

When did Germany and Japan sign a treaty and when did Italy sign it

A

They signed Anti-Cominterm pact to oppose communism in November 1936
Italy signed the pact in November 1937

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17
Q

What was the Japan, Germany and Italy alliance called

A

The Axis Alliance

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18
Q

How did Hitler cause chaos in Austria prior to Anschluss

A

Nazi party in Austria encouraged to stir trouble through demonstrations demanding the union of Austria and Germany

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19
Q

What was the name of the Austrian chancellor in 1938

A

Schuschnigg

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20
Q

What did Hitler do after causing chaos in Austria before Anschluss and what did the chancellor do in response

A

He told Schuschnigg the only way to fix this was Anschluss
Schuschnigg appealed to France and Britain but they failed to provide any support
He therefore felt calling a plebiscite to be the only option

21
Q

What was the result of the Anschluss plebiscite and why was it like this

A

99.75% for Anschluss
The vote was completed under the watchful eye of Nazi troops

22
Q

When was Anschluss completed

A

12th March 1938

23
Q

What did Hitler gain from the Anschluss and why didn’t the allies respond

A

Hitler gained arms, men and rich gold and iron deposits
Britain wouldn’t go to war over a ‘flawed’ treaty
France wouldn’t take action without Britain

24
Q

What was appeasement

A

The name of the policy Britain adopted in the 1930’s allowing Germany to expand German territory

25
Q

Give 4 points for Appeasement

A

Trusting Hitler
Memories of atrocities of WWI
Armed forces weren’t ready
The ToV itself was flawed

26
Q

Give 4 points against Appeasement

A

At some point Britain and France had to make a stand
Hitler couldn’t be trusted
Attacking early before Germany were fully armed was the best option
If Britain and France kept letting things go Hitler would keep taking territory

27
Q

Who was David Low and what where his views

A

Low was a British cartoonist and fierce critic of Hitler and the policy of appeasement

28
Q

Why was Benes scared in 1938 and who was willing to help him

A

He was scared for Cz by Anschluss believing Cz would be next
France were bound by a treaty to help Cz
Britain felt bound to support the French

29
Q

What was the treaty that bound France to helping Cz

A

The little entente treaty

30
Q

What did Hitler say about invading Cz in early 1938

A

Hitler said “Cz had nothing to fear from the Reich”

31
Q

What started the crisis in Cz

A

Henlein, leader of Nazi party in Cz began to stir trouble
In May 1938 Hitler said he would fight if necessary to ensure unification

32
Q

What did Chamberlain do to try to prevent war in Cz and when

A

Chamberlain flew to meet Hitler on 15th September 1938
Hitler only demanded parts of the Sudetenland and a subsequent plebiscite and Britain accepted believing they had averted war

33
Q

When did Britain and France tell Cz of the agreements in Mid-September

A

19th September 1938

34
Q

What did Hitler do in late Septmeber 1938 going against his previous claims

A

22nd September 1938
Hitler rejected the demands he had previously made to Britain now stating that they wouldn’t suffice and he wanted the entire Sudetenland

35
Q

When was the Munich Agreement and who attended

A

29th September 1938
Chamberlain, Lebrun (French leader), Hitler and Mussolini

36
Q

What was agreed in the Munich agreement and how was it viewed by Britain

A

Agreed to let Germany have the entire Sudetenland without consulting Cz or the USSR
Viewed as a success in Britain believing they had avoided world war

37
Q

What did Lloyd George say about the Munich Agreement

A

That it would bring “peace in our time”

38
Q

What were the short term consequences of the Munich agreement

A

1st October 1938 German troops marched into the Sudetenland
Benes resigned and Cz descended into chaos
Cz felt betrayed by France and Britain

39
Q

When did Hitler occupy the rest of Cz

A

15th March 1939

40
Q

What were the international consequences of the Nazi takeover of Cz

A

Policy of Appeasement now dead as it was clear Hitler couldn’t be trusted
The next target was largely believed to be Poland
Britain and France guaranteed Polish sovereignty declaring to defend Poland if attacked

41
Q

Why did Stalin fear Germany and what did he do in early 1930’s

A

Stalin had been worried about Germany since Hitler’s rise in 1933 as he beleived he could try to take USSR territory in the future
In 1934 the USSR joined the LoN

42
Q

Why didn’t Stalin trust the West

A

LoN were powerless in Abyssinia crisis
Some in the West preferred fascism to communism
Stalin signed treaty with France in May 1935 but couldn’t trust France to act
Munich agreement further worried Stalin as he wasn’t even consulted
They were very weak in opposing Hitler

43
Q

When was the Nazi-Soviet pact signed and what did it say

A

23rd August 1939
Agreed to not attack each other and secretly agreed to divide Poland between them

44
Q

How did the Nazi-Soviet pact help Hitler

A

He gained half of Poland and avoided facing a war on two fronts

45
Q

How did the Nazi-Soviet pact help Stalin

A

He gained half of Poland and a defensive shield from Germany allowing him time to build up an army

46
Q

When did the USSR discuss an alliance with Britain and France and why did they take so long

A

Three countries met in March 1939
Chamberlain was suspicious of the USSR
Stalin saw the protection of Poland as support for a potential enemy of the USSR
Negotiations continues through summer and spring of 1939

47
Q

When did Hitler invade Poland

A

1st September 1939 from the west

48
Q

What did Britain and France threaten and then what did they do

A

Britain and France demanded Germany’s withdrawal from Poland
Hitler believed this to be another empty threat so ignored it
On 2nd September 1939 Western powers declared war on Germany

History Paper 2 (1 decks)

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