Why did International Peace collapse by 1939

Question 1

What were Hitlers plans for Germany

Answer 1

Abolish the ToV
Expand German territory
Defeat communism

Question 2

When did Hitler attempt to take Austria and who stopped him

Answer 2

1934
Mussolini

Question 3

When did Germany withdraw from the LoN

Answer 3

October 1933

Question 4

Give 3 details showing Hitlers rearmament in the 1930’s

Answer 4

In June 1935 Hitler signed Anglo-German Naval agreement allowing them to have a navy 35% the size of Britain’s

In 1935 Hitler openly staged a military rally

In 1936 Hitler reintroduced conscription

Question 5

When was the Saar Plebiscite held and what was the outcome

Answer 5

January 1935
Saar region returned to Germany with the vote 90% in favour of returning to German rule

Question 6

What was signed in 1935 (what month?) between Russia and France and what was its aim

Answer 6

May 1935
Franco-Soviet treaty of Mutual assistance
Had the aim of enveloping Nazi Germany in 1935 to reduce the threat from Central Europe.

Question 7

When did Hitler move troops into the Rhineland

Answer 7

March 1936

Question 8

Why did Hitler feel he could take the risk to remilitarise the Rhineland (three reasons)

Answer 8

Many people in Britain felt Hitler had a right to station troops in the Rhineland so gambled that they wouldn’t react
Hitler used the Mutual Assistance pact signed by the USSR and France to claim Germany was under threat making this a defensive measure
The LoN were distracted by Abyssinia

Question 9

What were the German troops ordered to do if the French Army opposed them

Answer 9

Retreat

Question 10

When did the Spanish Civil war start

Answer 10

July 1936

Question 11

Who supported which sides in the Spanish civil war

Answer 11

Republican Government supported by the USSR indirectly with weapons, aircrafts and pilots
Right-wing rebels under Franco supported by Hitler and Mussolini
Britain and France didn’t intervene however France helped the Republicans minimally

Question 12

How did Mussolini and Hitler help Franco

Answer 12

Mussolini sent thousands of troops officially volunteers
Germany sent aircrafts and pilots who were heavily involved

Question 13

When was Guernica and who was involved

Answer 13

April 1937 by Germany

Question 14

What did the Spanish Civil War do to relations between nations

Answer 14

Italy and Germany’s bond was strengthen
Made USSR trust Britain less

Question 15

When did Japan invade China

Answer 15

July 1937

Question 16

When did Germany and Japan sign a treaty and when did Italy sign it

Answer 16

They signed Anti-Cominterm pact to oppose communism in November 1936
Italy signed the pact in November 1937

Question 17

What was the Japan, Germany and Italy alliance called

Answer 17

The Axis Alliance

Question 18

How did Hitler cause chaos in Austria prior to Anschluss

Answer 18

Nazi party in Austria encouraged to stir trouble through demonstrations demanding the union of Austria and Germany

Question 19

What was the name of the Austrian chancellor in 1938

Answer 19

Schuschnigg

Question 20

What did Hitler do after causing chaos in Austria before Anschluss and what did the chancellor do in response

Answer 20

He told Schuschnigg the only way to fix this was Anschluss
Schuschnigg appealed to France and Britain but they failed to provide any support
He therefore felt calling a plebiscite to be the only option

Question 21

What was the result of the Anschluss plebiscite and why was it like this

Answer 21

99.75% for Anschluss
The vote was completed under the watchful eye of Nazi troops

Question 22

When was Anschluss completed

Answer 22

12th March 1938

Question 23

What did Hitler gain from the Anschluss and why didn’t the allies respond

Answer 23

Hitler gained arms, men and rich gold and iron deposits
Britain wouldn’t go to war over a ‘flawed’ treaty
France wouldn’t take action without Britain

Question 24

What was appeasement

Answer 24

The name of the policy Britain adopted in the 1930’s allowing Germany to expand German territory

Question 25

Give 4 points for Appeasement

Answer 25

Trusting Hitler Memories of atrocities of WWI Armed forces weren't ready The ToV itself was flawed

Question 26

Give 4 points against Appeasement

Answer 26

At some point Britain and France had to make a stand Hitler couldn't be trusted Attacking early before Germany were fully armed was the best option If Britain and France kept letting things go Hitler would keep taking territory

Question 27

Who was David Low and what where his views

Answer 27

Low was a British cartoonist and fierce critic of Hitler and the policy of appeasement

Question 28

Why was Benes scared in 1938 and who was willing to help him

Answer 28

He was scared for Cz by Anschluss believing Cz would be next France were bound by a treaty to help Cz Britain felt bound to support the French

Question 29

What was the treaty that bound France to helping Cz

Answer 29

The little entente treaty

Question 30

What did Hitler say about invading Cz in early 1938

Answer 30

Hitler said "Cz had nothing to fear from the Reich"

Question 31

What started the crisis in Cz

Answer 31

Henlein, leader of Nazi party in Cz began to stir trouble In May 1938 Hitler said he would fight if necessary to ensure unification

Question 32

What did Chamberlain do to try to prevent war in Cz and when

Answer 32

Chamberlain flew to meet Hitler on 15th September 1938 Hitler only demanded parts of the Sudetenland and a subsequent plebiscite and Britain accepted believing they had averted war

Question 33

When did Britain and France tell Cz of the agreements in Mid-September

Answer 33

19th September 1938

Question 34

What did Hitler do in late Septmeber 1938 going against his previous claims

Answer 34

22nd September 1938 Hitler rejected the demands he had previously made to Britain now stating that they wouldn't suffice and he wanted the entire Sudetenland

Question 35

When was the Munich Agreement and who attended

Answer 35

29th September 1938 Chamberlain, Lebrun (French leader), Hitler and Mussolini

Question 36

What was agreed in the Munich agreement and how was it viewed by Britain

Answer 36

Agreed to let Germany have the entire Sudetenland without consulting Cz or the USSR Viewed as a success in Britain believing they had avoided world war

Question 37

What did Lloyd George say about the Munich Agreement

Answer 37

That it would bring "peace in our time"

Question 38

What were the short term consequences of the Munich agreement

Answer 38

1st October 1938 German troops marched into the Sudetenland Benes resigned and Cz descended into chaos Cz felt betrayed by France and Britain

Question 39

When did Hitler occupy the rest of Cz

Answer 39

15th March 1939

Question 40

What were the international consequences of the Nazi takeover of Cz

Answer 40

Policy of Appeasement now dead as it was clear Hitler couldn't be trusted The next target was largely believed to be Poland Britain and France guaranteed Polish sovereignty declaring to defend Poland if attacked

Question 41

Why did Stalin fear Germany and what did he do in early 1930's

Answer 41

Stalin had been worried about Germany since Hitler's rise in 1933 as he beleived he could try to take USSR territory in the future In 1934 the USSR joined the LoN

Question 42

Why didn't Stalin trust the West

Answer 42

LoN were powerless in Abyssinia crisis Some in the West preferred fascism to communism Stalin signed treaty with France in May 1935 but couldn't trust France to act Munich agreement further worried Stalin as he wasn't even consulted They were very weak in opposing Hitler

Question 43

When was the Nazi-Soviet pact signed and what did it say

Answer 43

23rd August 1939 Agreed to not attack each other and secretly agreed to divide Poland between them

Question 44

How did the Nazi-Soviet pact help Hitler

Answer 44

He gained half of Poland and avoided facing a war on two fronts

Question 45

How did the Nazi-Soviet pact help Stalin

Answer 45

He gained half of Poland and a defensive shield from Germany allowing him time to build up an army

Question 46

When did the USSR discuss an alliance with Britain and France and why did they take so long

Answer 46

Three countries met in March 1939 Chamberlain was suspicious of the USSR Stalin saw the protection of Poland as support for a potential enemy of the USSR Negotiations continues through summer and spring of 1939

Question 47

When did Hitler invade Poland

Answer 47

1st September 1939 from the west

Question 48

What did Britain and France threaten and then what did they do

Answer 48

Britain and France demanded Germany's withdrawal from Poland Hitler believed this to be another empty threat so ignored it On 2nd September 1939 Western powers declared war on Germany