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Biology Nat5 > Whole Year Flashcards > Flashcards

Whole Year Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what does a plant cell contain?

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria,nucleus,vacuole

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2
Q

what does a animal cell contain?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

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3
Q

what does a fungal cell contain?

A

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes

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4
Q

what does a bacterial cell contain?

A

cell wall, cell membrane, plasmid, circular chromosome, ribosomes,cytoplasm,capsule,flagellum

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5
Q

chloroplast - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

plant cell

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6
Q

ribosome - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

both

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7
Q

nucleus - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

both

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8
Q

cell membrane - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

both

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9
Q

mitochondria - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

both

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10
Q

cell wall - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

plant

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11
Q

cytoplasm - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

both

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12
Q

vacuole - plant cell, animal cell, or both?

A

plant

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13
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts

A

site of photosythesis

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14
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis

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15
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

controls the cell’s activities like cell division and cell chemistry

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16
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

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17
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria

A

site of aerobic stages of respiration

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18
Q

what is the function of the cell wall

A

supports the cell

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19
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm

A

site of chemical reactions

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20
Q

what is the function of the vacuole

A

stores cell sap

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21
Q

T or F: cytoplasm is a structure

A

False

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22
Q

what is the function of a capsule

A

covers outside of cells and provides additional protection

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23
Q

what is the function of a plasmid

A

ring of genetic material can carry useful information such as antibiotic resistance

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24
Q

flagellum

A

not always present, but is used for movement

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25
Q

how do you calculate the Actual size?

A

image size / magnification

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26
Q

how do you calculate the Magnification?

A

image size / actual size

27
Q

What does the magnification triangle look like?

A

I on the top, A to the right, M to the left.

28
Q

convert 0.005 micrometres into nanometres

A

5 nanometre

29
Q

convert 1 millimetre into nanometres

A

1,000,000 nanometres

30
Q

convert 500,000 nanometres into millimetres

A

0.5 millimetres

31
Q

what does the plasma membrane consist of?

A

a double layer of phospholipids with proteins on, in and through the phospholipid bilayer. the membrane is selectively permeable.

32
Q

the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. what does this mean?

A

Allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell.

33
Q

Name the two main components of the cell membrane

A

protein, phospholipid

34
Q

state the name given to this model of the plasma membrane.

A

Fluid Mosaic

35
Q

explain the meaning of the word fluid in fluid mosaic.

A

the membrane is constantly moving

36
Q

explain the meaning of the word mosaic in fluid mosaic.

A

proteins are distributed throughout the membrane

37
Q

is the phosphate head hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophilic

38
Q

is the lipid tail hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

A

hydrophobic

39
Q

What is diffusion?

A

the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower concentration. It does not require energy.

40
Q

what does glucose do during diffusion

A

glucose molecules move into the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration

41
Q

what does oxygen do during diffusion

A

dissolved oxygen moves into the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration

42
Q

what does carbon dioxide do during diffusion

A

dissolved carbon dioxide moves out of the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration

43
Q

why does the cell membrane allow glucose to pass through but not starch

A

glucose molecules are a smaller version of starch

44
Q

name 2 substances that enter the cell by diffusion

A

glucose and oxygen

45
Q

name a substance that leaves the cell by diffusion

A

carbon dioxide

46
Q

what is a concentration gradient

A

movement of molecules always occurs down a concentration gradient from high to low concentration.

47
Q

why is diffusion important to living cells?

A

gets oxygen and nutrients into the cell.

48
Q

what is osmosis

A

the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

49
Q

true or false:
water moves to areas with higher solute concentration

A

true

50
Q

what does hypertonic mean

A

great solute concentration

51
Q

what does hypotonic mean

A

low solute concentration

52
Q

what does isotonic mean

A

equal concentration

53
Q

does the cell membrane allow small water molecules to pass in and out of the cell?

A

yes

54
Q

what will happen to a plant cell placed in salt solution?

A

water molecules move out of the cell by osmosis. cell becomes plasmolysed

55
Q

what will happen to a plant cell placed in isotomic solution

A

no NET movement of water

56
Q

what will happen to a plant cell placed in pure water

A

water molecules move into the cell my osmosis. cell becomes turgid.

57
Q

what will happen to a animal cell placed in salt solution

A

water moves out of cell by osmosis, cell shrinks and becomes shrivelled

58
Q

what will happen to a animal cell placed in isotomic solution

A

no net movement of water

59
Q

what will happen to a animal cell placed in pure water

A

water moves into the cell by osmosis. cell swells up and bursts

60
Q

what is active transport

A

the movement of molecules from a low concentration to a area of high concentration against the concentration gradient. it requires energy.

61
Q

what will the cell require if it undertakes lots of active transport?

A

mitochondria

62
Q

give an example of active transport.

A

in animals, nerve cells depend on active transport of sodium and potassium ions to maintain a concentration difference across the membrane

63
Q

conditions required for energy to be released in cell

A

needs to have factors such as temperature and availability of oxygen and glucose which directly affect the cells respiratory rate.

Biology Nat5 (1 decks)

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