Whole Year Flashcards
what does a plant cell contain?
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria,nucleus,vacuole
what does a animal cell contain?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
what does a fungal cell contain?
cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes
what does a bacterial cell contain?
cell wall, cell membrane, plasmid, circular chromosome, ribosomes,cytoplasm,capsule,flagellum
chloroplast - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
plant cell
ribosome - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
both
nucleus - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
both
cell membrane - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
both
mitochondria - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
both
cell wall - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
plant
cytoplasm - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
both
vacuole - plant cell, animal cell, or both?
plant
what is the function of chloroplasts
site of photosythesis
what is the function of ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
what is the function of the nucleus
controls the cell’s activities like cell division and cell chemistry
what is the function of the cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
what is the function of the mitochondria
site of aerobic stages of respiration
what is the function of the cell wall
supports the cell
what is the function of the cytoplasm
site of chemical reactions
what is the function of the vacuole
stores cell sap
T or F: cytoplasm is a structure
False
what is the function of a capsule
covers outside of cells and provides additional protection
what is the function of a plasmid
ring of genetic material can carry useful information such as antibiotic resistance
flagellum
not always present, but is used for movement
how do you calculate the Actual size?
image size / magnification
how do you calculate the Magnification?
image size / actual size
What does the magnification triangle look like?
I on the top, A to the right, M to the left.
convert 0.005 micrometres into nanometres
5 nanometre
convert 1 millimetre into nanometres
1,000,000 nanometres
convert 500,000 nanometres into millimetres
0.5 millimetres
what does the plasma membrane consist of?
a double layer of phospholipids with proteins on, in and through the phospholipid bilayer. the membrane is selectively permeable.
the plasma membrane is selectively permeable. what does this mean?
Allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell.
Name the two main components of the cell membrane
protein, phospholipid
state the name given to this model of the plasma membrane.
Fluid Mosaic
explain the meaning of the word fluid in fluid mosaic.
the membrane is constantly moving
explain the meaning of the word mosaic in fluid mosaic.
proteins are distributed throughout the membrane
is the phosphate head hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophilic
is the lipid tail hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophobic
What is diffusion?
the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower concentration. It does not require energy.
what does glucose do during diffusion
glucose molecules move into the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration
what does oxygen do during diffusion
dissolved oxygen moves into the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration
what does carbon dioxide do during diffusion
dissolved carbon dioxide moves out of the cell from a high concentration to a low concentration
why does the cell membrane allow glucose to pass through but not starch
glucose molecules are a smaller version of starch
name 2 substances that enter the cell by diffusion
glucose and oxygen
name a substance that leaves the cell by diffusion
carbon dioxide
what is a concentration gradient
movement of molecules always occurs down a concentration gradient from high to low concentration.
why is diffusion important to living cells?
gets oxygen and nutrients into the cell.
what is osmosis
the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane
true or false:
water moves to areas with higher solute concentration
true
what does hypertonic mean
great solute concentration
what does hypotonic mean
low solute concentration
what does isotonic mean
equal concentration
does the cell membrane allow small water molecules to pass in and out of the cell?
yes
what will happen to a plant cell placed in salt solution?
water molecules move out of the cell by osmosis. cell becomes plasmolysed
what will happen to a plant cell placed in isotomic solution
no NET movement of water
what will happen to a plant cell placed in pure water
water molecules move into the cell my osmosis. cell becomes turgid.
what will happen to a animal cell placed in salt solution
water moves out of cell by osmosis, cell shrinks and becomes shrivelled
what will happen to a animal cell placed in isotomic solution
no net movement of water
what will happen to a animal cell placed in pure water
water moves into the cell by osmosis. cell swells up and bursts
what is active transport
the movement of molecules from a low concentration to a area of high concentration against the concentration gradient. it requires energy.
what will the cell require if it undertakes lots of active transport?
mitochondria
give an example of active transport.
in animals, nerve cells depend on active transport of sodium and potassium ions to maintain a concentration difference across the membrane
conditions required for energy to be released in cell
needs to have factors such as temperature and availability of oxygen and glucose which directly affect the cells respiratory rate.
