whole unit Flashcards
Adhesion
The property of sticking to other substances; a physical property of water.
Chemical Change
The change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances.
Chemical Property
A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a new substance or substances.
Chemical Reaction:
The process in which a chemical change occurs; a reaction that produces a new substance or substances.
Cohesion
The property of sticking together; a physical property of water.
Combustibility
The ability of a substance to react quickly with oxygen to produce heat and light energy.
Compound
A pure substance made from two or more elements that are combined together chemically.
Element
A pure substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substance.
Mass
The measurement of the quantity of matter in an object.
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume
Mechanical Mixture
A combination of pure substances in which the different substances are individually visible; a type of heterogeneous mixture
Medicine Wheel
A First Nations and Metis way of knowing the physical world; has four different quadrants and connects everything in the universe together into one whole.
Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured.
Property
A characteristic that describes a substance
Pure Substance
A substance made up of only one kind of particle, with a unique set of properties such as colour, hardness, boiling point, and melting point.
Solution
A combination of pure substances in which the different substances aren’t individually visible; a homogeneous mixture
Suspension
A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another; a type of heterogeneous mixture
Volume
A measurement of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up.
Anything that has mass and volume is…..
Matter
The state of matter where the atoms have the second lowest amount of energy is…..
Liquid
Elements and Compounds are examples of….
Pure Substances
The state of matter with the most energy is…
Plasma
When things stick to other substances it’s called…
Adhesion
When things stick to themselves it’s called…
Cohesion
A compound is an example of….
Pure Substances
A compound is an example of a….
Pure Substance
Trail mix would be an example of a….
Mechanical Mixture
The difference between a mixture and a compound is…
compounds are chemically combined but mixtures aren’t
What type of reaction is described: sulphur is yellow
A. Physical or B. Chemical
A. Physical
What is a chemical change?
It’s a change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances.
Use an example to describe the difference between cohesion and adhesion
Due to cohesion, water forms beads on non-absorbent surfaces such as glass. With adhesion a towel is able to mop up water by using this property of water.
What are two physical changes that cooling a hot substance may result in?
- Condensation
- Freezing
What’s the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a pure substance made up of one type of particle that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by chemical means. A compound is a pure substance that is made from two or more elements that are chemically combined.
Alkali Metals
elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table of elements; these metals have low melting points and react easily with water and air.
If water freezes inside of a building’s water pipes, the pipes may burst. Explain why this happens, in terms of a physical or chemical change.
It would be from a physical change. The pipe will burst because the water expands when frozen which will build up pressure on the pipe and it will then burst.
Substances can have a combination of materials in one or more states
~True or False
True
Alloy
A solution of two or more metals.
Atom
The smallest unit of an element that has all of the element’s properties.
Atomic Mass
The average mass of an element’s atoms.
Atomic Mass Unit
(amu) A unit of measure used to measure an atom’s mass.
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom of an element.
Atomic Theory
The theory that explains the nature of matter; study of the nature of atoms and how they combine to form all types of matter.
Bond
The attraction between atoms or ions.
Chemical Formula
A formula that identifies which elements, and how many atoms or ions of each, are in a compound.
What is a chemical change?
A change in matter that results in the formation of a new substance or substances.
Covalent Bond
The attraction between atoms created by the sharing of a pair of electrons between atoms.
Diatomic Molecule
A molecule that contains two atoms of the same element.
Electron
A negatively charged particle in an atom, located outside the nucleus of the atom.
Group (Chemical Family)
One of 18 vertical columns in the periodic table of elements; classification of elements with certain shared physical and chemical properties.
Halogens
Elements found in Group 17 of the periodic table of elements; these non-metals are all very reactive.
Ion
An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge as the result of losing or gaining electrons.
Ion Charge
An electric charge that an atom or group of joined atoms take on when it loses or gains electrons.
Ionic Bond
The attraction between ions of opposite charges; e.g, bond in an ionic compound.
Ionic Compound
A pure substance formed when at least one metal and one non-metal combine chemically.
Lattice
A regular, patterned three-dimensional structure.
Law
A generalized description of some aspect of the physical world under certain conditions
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Metalloids
Elements with metallic and non-metallic properties. Ex. Silicon
Metals
Elements that are malleable and ductile, and conduct electricity and heat; most elements are metals
Molecular Compound
A pure substance formed when non-metals combine chemically.
Molecule
A group of atoms that share electrons; molecular compounds contain molecules.
Neutral
The property of having no overall electric charge; both the positive and negative charges are equal.
Neutron
A neutral particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom.
Noble gases
Elements found in group 18 of the periodic table of elements; these gases aren’t chemically reactive except in certain special situations.
Non-metals
Elements that don’t resemble metals; non-metals are brittle and generally don’t conduct electricity or heat; ex carbon
Nucleus
The centre of an atom where all the atom’s positive charge and most of an atom’s mass is concentrated.
Period
One of the seven horizontal rows in the periodic table of elements.
Periodic Table
A chart that organizes all of the elements in rows and columns.
Proton
A positively charged particle in an atom, located in the nucleus of the atom
Relative mass
The mass of an object in comparison to the mass of another object.
Subatomic particle
A particle that makes up an atom; includes protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Theory
A generalized explanation of a set of related observations or events supported by research and good arguments.
Who proposed that everything is made up of tiny spheres?
Dalton
He stated that electrons are in specific energy levels around the nucleus
Bohr
He stated that an atom is a positively charged sphere with electrons scattered throughout.
Thompson
He used charged particles in a experiment to determine protons are in a central mass.
Rutherford
James Chadwick proposed the addition of neutrons in the nucleus. Who did he work with?
Rutherford
Which of the three types of elements makes up majority of the periodic table?
Metals
Which elements on the periodic table are known as semi-conductors?
Metalloids
The vertical columns on the periodic table are known as…
Groups
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are known as…
Periods
A solution of two or more metals is called a(n)…
Alloy
Is the most common element on Earths surface.
Oxygen
Of the three categories that the periodic table can be split up into, these are the least common
Metalloids
What do you call an atom that has lost or gained an electron?
Ion
What group on the periodic table has a full valence shell?
Group 18
What do scientists call the smallest possible amount of a pure substance that can exist?
An atom because they are in all elements and can’t be broken down any smaller.
Define the word “compound”. Give an example.
A pure substance that’s made of two or more elements combined chemically. Ex. Water because it’s a combination of hydrogen and oxygen.
Distinguish between “analytical” and “holistic” ways of thinking. Give an example of each.
Analytical thinking is the scientific way of thinking. Holistic thinking is a cultural belief about something. Ex. How they both differently view cancer.
Based on the structure of ionic compounds, explain why they are usually hard solids with high melting points.
They consist of a metal and non-metal which both have high melting points and they’re usually solid.
Describe each of the different models of the atom that have been created over time.
John Dalton- he said atoms were spheres.
J.J Thompson- he said they were spheres with positive and negative charges.
Ernest Rutherford- he added the nucleus to the model.
Niels Bohr- he added energy levels to the model.
What type of elements are most often used in electronics? Why?
Metalloids because they’re semi-conductors
Draw a Bohr diagram of 3 different elements.
Look it up or look in periodic table to check.
Name some of the elements in the alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases groups.
Alkali metals- lithium, sodium
Halogens- chlorine, bromine, iodine.
Noble gases- silicon, oxygen, helium, neon.
