Whole Of B4 Flashcards
How do plants use glucose
Respiration
Converted to cellulose to make cell wall
Protein for growth and repair
What is the 2 stage process for photosynthesis and how does choroplast work
Water split by light energy releasing O2 gas and hydrogen ions / CO2 gas combines with hydrogen ions producing glucose and water
Choroplast contain chroplly which absorbs sunlight and coverts co2 and water to glucose
Things that increase photosynthesis
More co2
More light
And high temperature
Things that limit rate of photosynthesis is called
Limiting factor
How are leaves adapted for plant (epidermes)
Outer Epidermis is transparent due to less choroplast so less light
Upper palisade contains lots of choroplast so it gets light
Spongy mesoply cells are loosely spaced so diffusion happens
Leaves adaption
Have big surface area for more light
Thin so gases can diffuse easily and light get to cell
Contains cytoplast so it absorbs light vascular bundles for transport of chemicals like water and glucose
What are plants made of and what’s the equation for photosynthesis
Plants made from stem root and leaf
6CO2+6H2O=C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
What is diffusion
When gas or liquid move from high concentration to low concentration
The bigger the difference in concentration the faster the diffusion rate
Rate of diffusion can be increased by
Short distances for molecules to travel
Large surface area so more substance can diffuse
What is osmosis and the consequence of it
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from permeable memberane from higher water concentration to lower water concentration
Osmosis is consequence of random movement of water molecules
What does phloem do and what are they made from
Carry food to plants both ways
Made from living cells with small holes so stuff flows
What does xylem do and what’s it made from
Takes water up to plant
Made from dead cells
Xylem have hollow lumen phloem don’t hollow Lumen
Tranpiration ensures that
Plants have water for cooling , evaporation , photosynthesis
Transpiration is when
Evaporation and diffusion of water inside leaves
Rate of transpiration can be increased by
More air movement
Increase in temperature
And more light
How are leaves adapted to reduce water loss by
They have guard cells which change size of stomatal opening
Why do organisms and waste products decay
Because they are broken down by decomposers like microorganism
Which conditions do microorganism work best when
Moist and warm with lots of o2
What do detritus feed on and give an example some
They feed on dead material. E.g are woodlice and maggots they break up material to small bits giving them big surface area to speed up decay
What are saprophytes
They feed on dead material E.g are fungi
Why are good preservation done
So it stops decomposition of our food
Canning to stop them from coming in
Cooling to slow down decomposers
Name minerals plant need And the job of it
Nitrogen for growth of cell
Phosphate respiration
Pottasium for photosynthesis
Magnesium for respiration
Name what the consequence of lack of each mineral is
Nitrogen no growth and yellow leaves
Phosphate discoloured leaves and no growth
Pottasium discoloured leaves
Magnesium yellow leaves
What’s the process called when minerals are absorbed by root hair cell
Active transport
What does active transport do
They carry soil in low concentration to root cells containing high minerals
Why are pesticides bad
Enter food chains causing lethal dose to predators and it could harm organisms
What is organic farming
When u use animal manure rather than fertilisers also they use crop rotation
What is crop rotation
When you grow different crops so it stops diseases of one crop building up and stops nutrients running out
Advantage and disadvantage of organic farming
Less chemicals
Doesn’t cause pollution to Rivers
More harder
Takes space
Can’t grow as much crops
What is biological control
When we use species to eat other species that cause problems to farming e.g we use ladybirds to eat aphids as the eat plants
Ad and disadvantage of biological control
No need to repeat it
No chemical used
Ladybird could increase in population
It could not eat the pest
It could eat useful species e.g pollinaters
What are hydroponic
We use it to grow plants without soil and hydroponics is regulated with aerated water contains minerals they are good cause they have better control over minerals leaves and diseases
Bad cause have lack of support for tall plants
