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BMS249 Dev Neurobiology > Whole Module Part 2 > Flashcards

Whole Module Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the filopodium

A

Polarised F actin able to form larger bundles

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2
Q

What is the effect of ablation ectopic studies

A

Neurones are still produced from their domains but fate is altered

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3
Q

BDNF is

A

Brain derived growth factor

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4
Q

What determine whether a cell crosses the midline

A

Levels of slit at cell surface

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5
Q

What layer: Large pyramidal

A

V

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6
Q

What drives granule neurone proliferation

A

Shh

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7
Q

What is the common origin of the pons and cerebellum

A

Rhombic lip

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8
Q

Shh and BMPS specify the

A

Neural fate

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9
Q

What is the effect of raising an AB to neural AGRIN

A

Prevents the clustering]

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10
Q

What are two causative mutations within the mts

A

TUBA1A TUBB2B

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11
Q

How do climbing fibres show an example of synapse refinement

A

In mature cerebellum one climbing fibre : one purkinhe cell … during development can be as many as 4 - location also changes soma –> dendrite

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12
Q

Describe pontocerebellar hypoplasia

A

Affects the pons and cerebellum, MATH-1 affected in some forms

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13
Q

Describe the connection between cutaneous max and lat dorsi

A

Polysynaptic via interneurone

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14
Q

What is the many pheno of reeler mice

A

Ataxia

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15
Q

What does AGRIN require

A

Dystroglycan and MuSK

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16
Q

Where was NGF purified from

A

Snake venom and mouse sub-maxillary gland

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17
Q

What does robo econde

A

Receptor

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18
Q

What did the posterior tectal membrane cause to temporal growth cones

A

Collapses

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19
Q

What ephrins are expressed in counter gradient in the retina and tectim

A

Ephrin A2 and A5

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20
Q

What does TrkA affect

A

Differentiation, growth and movement

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21
Q

What is seen in a post crossing axon with an ectopic FP

A

Axon stalls due to inhibitory sema/slit from the ectopic fp

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22
Q

Two types of semaphorins

A

Membrane bound or secreted

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23
Q

What are some of the NCCs retained as

A

RP cells

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24
Q

Temporal axons go

A

Anteiror

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25
Q

What is axonotmesis

A

Axons divided

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26
Q

What laminae is proprioception

A

Laminae III - IV

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27
Q

How can cre-recombinase be used to create tissue specific knockouts

A

Two loxP sites either side of the gene that you want to knockout - express Cre recombinase under the influence of a tissue specific promoter

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28
Q

How many layers of the cerebellum

A

4

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29
Q

What determines if an axon will corss the midline

A

Lelevs of slit at the cell surface

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30
Q

Where do sub-plate neurones usually project prior to innervation of cortex by LGN

A

Cortex–> thalamus

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31
Q

Merker cells are what

A

Specicalised epitherlium which overly the free nerve endings forming merkel discs

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32
Q

Explain the robo mutant phenotype

A

No robo so no detection of slit so neurones go back and forth

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33
Q

Epineurium

A

Surrounds the whole nerve

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34
Q

What is one way of treating spinal cord damage

A

Controlling the inflammatory process

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35
Q

What is the only injury where nerve conduction distal to the injury is maintained

A

Neuropraxia

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36
Q

What layer: small pyramidal cells

A

II

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37
Q

NTF3 binds to

A

TRKC TRK1a1B P75

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38
Q

What is the ephrin A2 A5 double knockout phenotype

A

Temporal neurones project into the posteiror tectum thus distorting the topographic map

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39
Q

Where does M phase occr

A

At the VZ

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40
Q

What is cylopamine, what can it be used for

A

Inhibitor of smo so blocks Shh signalling

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41
Q

Different neuronal types exhibit different

A

Neurotrophic dependency

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42
Q

Give an example of a sysytem which has topology

A

Retino-tectal

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43
Q

In vitro what do CNS neurones avoid

A

Oligodendrocytes

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44
Q

Comm mutant

A

No crossing of the midline

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45
Q

What is ARIA a member of

A

Neuregulin gene (NRG-1 gene)

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46
Q

What are CR cells important in

A

Telling migrating cell when to stop

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47
Q

What is the critical period of xenopus tadpole regneration

A

Either side of this period tail will grow back - but NOT DURING THE CRITICAL PERIOD

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48
Q

How many bp is a LOXP site

A

34

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49
Q

What does removal of chick limb bud do

A

Fewer DRG and motor neurone s

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50
Q

Anterior (sup) rhombic lip gives rise to

A

Ganuel neurone precurrsors

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51
Q

Do newly born neurones have any dependent

A

No - havent sent axons yet so no dependeny

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52
Q

What Is expressed to cause cells to take an excitatory NT fate

A

Gsx1/2

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53
Q

What do the subplate and cajal retizus cells form

A

Preplate (PP)

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54
Q

Primary determinat for connection survival is

A

Coordinated pre and post synaptic electrical activity

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55
Q

How many nogos

A

3

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56
Q

What two components occur the allow the filopodium to extend

A

Actin-myosin based actin tubulin link pulls microtubles into the wake of extending filopodia —- Two molecular clutch engages to slow rearward actin treadmilling

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57
Q

What is the effect of a crush injury

A

Basal lmaina and ECM likley to still be intact

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58
Q

Does lamin have any effect on direction

A

No just simply allows growth

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59
Q

What gene in vert is expressed on in precrossing fibres

A

Rig1 - Robo3

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60
Q

What is the low affinity NGF R

A

P75-NTR

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61
Q

Descirbe how differential gene expresison is seen at the NMJ

A

Transcription increases in adjacent nuclei but decreases further away

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62
Q

What three factors dictate where synapses form

A

Approaching growth cone talks to target, site availabilities may be restricted, post synaptic cells may have pre-prepared sites

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63
Q

Nasal axons go

A

Posterior

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64
Q

What does the corticle plate sit between

A

Marginal zone and subplate

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65
Q

What do ephrins help with early and then later

A

Compartmentalise the embryo, then used to keep axons out of specific areas and creation of a topological map

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66
Q

Describe how receptor clustering occurs at the NMJ

A

Before growth cone receptors are at what conc 1000 /umsrd but after 10000 /umsqrd

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67
Q

Cre recombinase can be used to

A

Create tissue specific knockouts

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68
Q

How does neurotransmitter choice vary

A

Depends on the environment

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69
Q

Roundabout mutant

A

Constant crossing of the midline

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70
Q

Muscle spindles reequire what to differentiate

A

Require sensory to differentiate

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71
Q

What is the common origin of the pons and cerebellum

A

Rhombic lip

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72
Q

What does addition of chick limb bud cause

A

More DRG and motor neurones

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73
Q

Where was agrin purified from

A

T.California

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74
Q

Which direction are neurotrophins synth by the neurone transported

A

Anteriograde (away from cell body)

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75
Q

Production of rhombic lip cells is controlled by what transcription factor

A

MATH-1

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76
Q

What organisms are neurotrophins not found in

A

Drosophila and C.elegans

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77
Q

NOGO A

A

200 kd - found in oligodendrocytes and developing neruones

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78
Q

Descrie the effect of knocking out agrin

A

Deffective neuromuscular junction

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79
Q

What occurs following autoimmunisation to myelin proteins

A

Increased regeneration

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80
Q

Describe how it can be seen that the BL induces receptor clustering

A

When muscle cell MNs removed cell can grow, this causes the re-clustering of the receptors so this is highly important in regeneration

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81
Q

Whar are the alpha and gamma subunits important for

A

Alpha and gamma

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82
Q

What is neurotmesis on the sunderland scale

A

5

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83
Q

Two examples of radial migration

A

Inkenetic nuclear migrations in the neuroeptithellum and to establish layered structu (e.g. cerebellum)

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84
Q

What are heterochronic transplants used for

A

To test plasticity of neurones

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85
Q

What is the cereblellum output

A

Via purkinje cells

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86
Q

How do axons control when to get off/stay on scafoold

A

By controlling fasiculuation

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87
Q

Cells expressing BMP7 can

A

Mimic the action of the roof plate

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88
Q

What is the cell adhesion molecule in insects

A

Fas2

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89
Q

Cerebellum is derived from

A

Neural crest cells

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90
Q

Subunits of NGF

A

2 alpha 1 beta 2 gamma

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91
Q

What happens if comm expression is forced

A

Gives the same phenotype as robo - robo expression is lost everywhere

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92
Q

Where are the two major zones of neural stem cells

A

Dentat gyrus of hippocampus, SVZ of 4th ventricle

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93
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds one fasicle

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94
Q

BDNF binds to

A

TRKB P75

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95
Q

Desribe the path of sensory relay neurones

A

From RP to FP

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96
Q

NOGO C

A

25 Kda - muscle cells

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97
Q

Four forces of axon guidance

A

Contact attraction, chemoattraction, contact repulsion, chemorepulsion

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98
Q

Posterior (inf) rhombic lip gives rise to

A

Pontine nuclei and the inferior olive

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99
Q

What cab be used to help a sutured nerve grow back

A

Design of a scaffold to bridge the gap

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100
Q

What is the attractive cue expressed by the FP

A

Netrin

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101
Q

Less target means

A

Fewer synapses and neurones

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102
Q

The fact that in a netrin -/- some neurones reach the FP is an example of

A

Genetic redundancy

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103
Q

Precurssor to NGF (pre-NGF) binds to

A

P75-NTR

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104
Q

Loss of Rig1/robo3 gives what phenotype

A

Failure of the C axons to cross the midline

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105
Q

What type of enzyme is TrkA

A

RTK

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106
Q

What does comm encode

A

Trafficking protein

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107
Q

What is AGRIN made by

A

Motor neurones and myocytes

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108
Q

What is neurapraxia

A

Conduction block - due to loss of conducting tissue

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109
Q

NT4/5

A

TRKB P75

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110
Q

What can be concluded from a cut an paste of the floor plate to side of roof plate

A

Axons attracted to FP so FP must be secreteting an attractive cue

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111
Q

What are some morphological synpase development

A

Small vesicles at pre sy membrane, narrow cleft filled with ECM, post synaptic density (membrane appears thickened)

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112
Q

Early precurrsor fate

A

Plastic - can be changed

113
Q

What type of epithelium is early neuroepithelium

A

Pseudostratified

114
Q

Merkle cells are present

A

Before sensory innervation

115
Q

What transcription factor regulates the production of the cells of the rhombic lip

A

MATH-1

116
Q

Levels of Shh affect what in the cerebellum

A

Ammount of lobulation

117
Q

Describe how the ANS expt shows example of transmitter choice depends on environment

A

Transplant symp into para –> NT changes to ACH (vice versa) for other way

118
Q

3 domains of the growth cone

A

Central trans, and peripheral

119
Q

What are glial scars

A

Cysts full of the wrong sort of ECM

120
Q

What is significant about the growth of axons in the presence of laminin

A

Only permissive for growth within certain concentration ranges

121
Q

What happens if part of the subplate ablated before axons extend

A

LGN innervation fails in the ablated region

122
Q

Describe the location of the cerebellum

A

Root of the fourth ventricle above the medulla

123
Q

What can be said of the regeneraiton capacity of lower vert

A

Have increased regen capacity

124
Q

What is the blastema

A

Bundling of cells which has become pluripotent but with some memory of the tissue of organisation

125
Q

What is a permissive factor

A

Factors which allow the growth of axons

126
Q

What occurs when Abs raised against NGF

A

Block DRG growth in vivo

127
Q

What is seen when cyclopanime applied

A

Fewer commissureal axons reach the floor plate so can be seen that Shh works as chemoattractant

128
Q

What were the results of birthdating cells in the cortex

A

Neurones of diferent layers were born at different times

129
Q

What are semaphorins

A

Family of inhibitory guidance cues

130
Q

What is seen in Ti1–>Cx1 growth when sema 1 knocked out

A

The axons is able to stray into wrong areas of the limb

131
Q

Ephrin receptors are

A

Ephs

132
Q

At the hindbrain:midbrain boundary what do cells of the roof plate form

A

The roof plate cells retain huge proliferative potential forming cells of the rhombic lip - these go on to form many neurones of the cerebellum

133
Q

Xenopus tadpole regner triggered by

A

BMPs

134
Q

Ectopic exp of netrin (target selection)

A

Forced in wrong muscle ==> wrong connection

135
Q

Cre remcombinase cleaves at

A

LoxP sites

136
Q

Way in which we go to circuits

A

Tfs define the phenotype - this NT phenotype defines function - Neurones send axons to other axons - Connections will be est and refine by activity based pruning

137
Q

What are one of the most proliferative cell types

A

External granular layer cells

138
Q

CEREBELLUM: What would be seen if Shh was mutatetd

A

Meddulloblastoma

139
Q

Explain bypass phenotype

A

Novel/overfasciculation all axons miss targets

140
Q

Loss of nectrin (target slection)

A

Like ablating targets - synapses not made despite targets being there

141
Q

What does BMP7 cause

A

Causes commissural axon growth cone collapse

142
Q

What is the effect of raising an AB to muscle AGRIn

A

No effect

143
Q

NOGO B

A

55 Kda - many cell types

144
Q

What is one mechanism for silent synpases

A

Initially NMDA R blocked with MG, high freq stimulation leads to depol of the PM, Mg dragged out of the receptor, Ca leads to upregulation of AMPA R - AMPA R is electrically active

145
Q

What are the mechanism for regeneration

A

Mitosis of the schwann cells, formation of the bands of bunger, regrowth along the dividing scwhann cells and sprouting

146
Q

What are the first post-mitotic cells to appear

A

CR cells

147
Q

What is the effect of no MATH1

A

No foliation, no IGL, no pontine nuclei

148
Q

What gradient caused the results of the stripe assay

A

Due to ephrin gradient

149
Q

How many layers of the cortex

A

5

150
Q

What is the Mr of ARIA

A

42 kd

151
Q

Where are stem cells found in mammals

A

Forebrain SVZ and dentate gyrus

152
Q

What is lamin

A

Growth promoting ECM molecules - localised to optic nerve

153
Q

What is neurotmesis

A

Nerve becomes divided

154
Q

What is the post mitotic mechanism of neuronal diversity generation

A

Specification –> maturation –> NT expression –> NT recptor expression

155
Q

What changes occur when a growth cone turns into a presynapse

A

Filopodia retract and tight junction forms, memrbane and EC glycoproteins added, pre sy vesicles, dense ECM and receptors accumulate in the cleft

156
Q

Spinal cord injuries can lead to

A

Loss of muscle tone and other injuries

157
Q

Descitibe the lamella

A

F actin is bundled into a net

158
Q

If NGF present in central compartment only

A

Surivival of the cell bodies, axons die and retract

159
Q

Ectopic exp of Fas2

A

Innervation of new targets

160
Q

What does growth cone collapse cause

A

Destabilisation of the F-actin

161
Q

What is regeneration of a strucutre dependent on

A

Presence of a nerve

162
Q

What happens to subplate neurones, what are they required for

A

eventually die but imp for guiding thalamic axons

163
Q

Mixture of neurones fasciulate wit

A

Their own kind

164
Q

Effect of ACHR alon

A

No clustering

165
Q

What do anterior rhombic lip cells form

A

Granule neurone precurrsors

166
Q

Descirbe how the NMJ changes with time

A

Early is multiply innervated - refined to a single innervation

167
Q

Axons can reprogram at intermediate targets, give an example

A

Eg when an axons has crossed the midline it is no longer attract to the floor plate

168
Q

What happens for Ti1 –> Cx1 if last signpost ablated

A

Growth cone stalls and doesn’t make the last medial tuns

169
Q

What transcription factor is important in the setting up of inhibitory neuropep/transmitter phenotypes

A

PAX2

170
Q

What is ARIA

A

Ach receptor inducing activity

171
Q

Synchronous act leads to

A

Synapse strenghtening

172
Q

How many BP woulld there need to be for a loxP to occur by chance

A

10^18

173
Q

What does agrin bind to

A

Muscle specific kinase (MuSK)

174
Q

Shh determines tissue pattern in the cerebellum so a mutation in Shh would cause

A

Medulloblastoma

175
Q

Cell death is more likely to occur

A

Closer to the soma

176
Q

Where is Fas2 normally exp

A

On target and motor axon

177
Q

What occurs to C axons after crossing the FP

A

Become sensitive to repellents such as semaphorins and slit proteins

178
Q

What are the two forms of agrin

A

Neural and muscle

179
Q

Describe the effect of comm on robo

A

Comm prevents robo reaching cell surface so without any robo no sensitivity to slit so able to cross midline

180
Q

What are ephrins

A

Non permissive contact repellant factors

181
Q

What did the stripe assay show

A

Cells of the posterior tectum made a non permisisve factor which repels axons of the temporal retina

182
Q

What is one of the main outputs of the cerebllum

A

Via the purinje cells

183
Q

Shh stimulates mitosis of th cells in the EGL, where is it released from

A

Purkinje layer

184
Q

What can non permissive factors be used for

A

Channelling of axon growth ie in Ti1 –> Cx1

185
Q

What is the dependent of trigeminal neurones

A

BDNF and NTF early - then NGF - then NGF or MSP

186
Q

Describe the treadmilling of F-actin when an attractive cue is encountered

A

Treadmilling of F-actin and F-actin accumulates

187
Q

What is a method of birth dating cells

A

Inject titrated thymidine, incorp into cells during S phase, cells in their final division retain the label

188
Q

Four methods of spinal cord repair

A

Transplant foetal cells, transplant H-ESC derived progenitors, transplant umbilical cells, transplant autologous NS cells or other cells

189
Q

What two possibilites for topogrpahic mapping prop by Sperry

A

Each axon has unique lable with comp lable on target // coordinate grid of gdts of signals and receptors

190
Q

What occurs when anti nogo used

A

Improvs regeneration in the spinal cord, results in K/O nogo were variable

191
Q

What are some neural crest retained as

A

Roof plate cells

192
Q

How does activity of a synapse affect neurotrophin take up

A

More active - more neurtrophin taken up by membrane recyling

193
Q

Contact between two neurones of different timp leads to

A

Collapse of the growth cone

194
Q

How are lipophilic dyes used

A

Have lipophilic domains so adsorbed onto the membrane of cells and flows down the whole membrane

195
Q

How is loss an example of synapse refinement

A

Loss of motor neurones through competitions - from multiple innervations to single innervations

196
Q

What does arrival at the target often coinside with

A

New expression of neurotrophin by the target

197
Q

Describe the connection between Mns ans pecs and tricpes

A

Monosynaptic

198
Q

Effect of AChR and Rapsyn

A

Clusters

199
Q

What is seen in males

A

Many SNB motor neuroens

200
Q

What occurs when growth cone restin, how does this change when growth cone encounters an attractive cue

A

Resting –> Tubulin dragged sporadically into the filopodia - this dragging occurs more frequently when growth cone encounters and attracte cue

201
Q

Where is comm usually only expressed

A

In neurones which normally corss the midline

202
Q

What is a causative mutation that affects MAP

A

LISI DCX

203
Q

What is neurapraxia on the sunderland scale

A

1

204
Q

Where are the cells of the cerebellum formed

A

Born in ventricular zone

205
Q

What is the location of the largest numebr of neurones in the CNS

A

Cerebellum

206
Q

What can be said of the expression of ephs and ephrins

A

Have reciprocal expression in the mmamlian embryo

207
Q

What encodoes cre recombinase

A

Bacteirophage P1

208
Q

Describe pontocerebellar hypoplasia

A

Affects the pons and cerebellum, MATH-1 is affected in some forms this reflects the common origin (rhombic lip) of the pons and cerebellum

209
Q

What is the effect of a cut injury

A

Basal lamina and ECM disrupted

210
Q

What does the accumulation of F actin cause

A

Stab of the filopodia dragging microtubules into the back of the filopodium

211
Q

What is seen before corssing with an ectopic floor plate

A

C axon is attracted (normal response to netrins_

212
Q

What type of binding molecules is Fas2

A

Homophilic binding by cell adhesion molecules

213
Q

What is one of the main roles of the cerebellum

A

Motor learning

214
Q

What affects motor neurone pooling accounting for sex differences

A

Testosterone

215
Q

Where are the neurones of the cerebellum bord

A

Ventricular zone

216
Q

Three nerves of the trigeminal nucelus

A

Opthalamic nerve, mandibular nerve, maxillart nerve

217
Q

What does circuit completion require

A

Feedback from the target

218
Q

Key points of synapses formation

A

Competivie

219
Q

What are the effects of muscle denervation

A

Muscle atrophy - dedif of the muscle (exp of embryonic mAchR and increased levels of MuSK) external electrical input is able to - help prevent atrophy

220
Q

Where are cajal retzius cells

A

Marginal layer (subplate neurones below)

221
Q

LAMIN IS ______ BUT NOT ______

A

Permissive but not instructive

222
Q

Why are there some objections to NOGo

A

No correlation between NOGO receptor level and regen, much myelin removed by macrophages after damage, regeneration poor in the grey matter too

223
Q

What is the affect of Rig1/robo3

A

Blocks robo1

224
Q

What layer of the cortex is the oldest

A

1

225
Q

What is expressed to cause cells to take an inhib NT fate

A

PTF1A

226
Q

Effect of ectopic expression of Fas2

A

Cells that do not normally adhere, adhere and aggregate

227
Q

Shh released from the purkinje layers stimulates

A

Mitosis in the EGL

228
Q

What is the vert homologue of robo , where and when is it expressed

A

on C axons, before AND after crossing

229
Q

Sema 2 is

A

Secreted

230
Q

What stimulates mitosis of cells in the external granular layer

A

Shh

231
Q

What is the result of a loss of Pea3

A

Results in the MNs motor neurones innervating the CM and LD that have the morphology of the triceps and pect innervating MNs and abberant proprioceptive connections

232
Q

Do growth cones turn>

A

No they reoragnaise

233
Q

What is the active component of NGF

A

beta s/u

234
Q

Sema 1 is

A

Cell surface

235
Q

What occurs when there is no MATH-1

A

No foliation, no IGL and no pontine nuceli

236
Q

NGF binds to

A

TRKA and P75

237
Q

Where do inhibitory interneurones of the cortex migrate in from

A

Subpallium

238
Q

How does NMJ innervation change over time

A

Initially mutliple motor neurones innervating but reduced by competion until it is just a single fibre innervating one muscle cell

239
Q

Nerve cord in flies lies

A

Ventrally

240
Q

Extra target

A

More synapses and neurones

241
Q

Effect of rapsyn only

A

Clusters

242
Q

What are the layers of the cerebellum

A

Ext gran layer, molecular layer, purkinje layer, internal granular layer

243
Q

Target derived factors are important for

A

Formation of reflexes

244
Q

Late precurrsor fate

A

Fixed - adopts the fate of the host

245
Q

Describe the location of the cerebellum

A

Root of the fourth ventricle above the medulla

246
Q

What is the high affinity NGF R

A

TrkA

247
Q

What is seen in Ti1->CX1 growth when sema 2 is blocked

A

There is no final turn of the axon into the body so sema 2 gdt directs the axons toward the body

248
Q

What laminae is touch

A

II (inner) to V

249
Q

How many layers of the cerebellum

A

4

250
Q

What is the function of olfactor ensheathing cells

A

Wrap olfactor axon bundles

251
Q

Effect of a rapsyn k/o

A

No clusters

252
Q

If NGF present in all of the chambers

A

Cells OK

253
Q

What layer: Stellate cells

A

IV

254
Q

What laminae is pain (thermo)

A

I and II

255
Q

What is the effect of ARIA

A

Increase in the synthesis of AChR subunit mRNA - especially the epsilon subunit (in the immature form)

256
Q

What occurs with spinal chord injuries

A

Sprouting occurs following by failed regen and degen, formation of cysts and glial scards,

257
Q

Where is the largest number of neurones in the CNS

A

Cerebllum

258
Q

Endoneurium

A

Around indiviudal axons within fasciles

259
Q

What is the effect of enhanced of WNT signalling

A

Dorsal gene expression domain is expanded ventrally

260
Q

What occurs for Ti1 –> Cx1 in mice lacking Sema3A

A

Axons able to stray into wrong territories

261
Q

What induces receptor clustering

A

Basal lamina

262
Q

What can be said of the recovery of connections in the spinal cord

A

Very poor

263
Q

Describe nectin

A

Associated with ECM - like laminin, cells expressing the netrin gene can mimic the attractive nature of the floor plate

264
Q

smooth brain - misencephaly

A

Loss of gyri and sulci

265
Q

Fish and salamander lack

A

NOGO A

266
Q

Incidence of medulloblastoma

A

500 births/year

267
Q

For synapse formation we require

A

Correct receptors, location, part of membrane to be synapse, receptors must match target tissue, correct number of synpases must be mad e

268
Q

How does blocking of activity lead to a change in survival

A

Prevents the initiation of cell death mechanisms ==> no competition, fewer losses so more neurones survive

269
Q

When does synapse desity increase in the cat visual cortex

A

Around post natal day 10 - with the eyes open

270
Q

What do posterior rhombic lip cells form

A

Pontine nuclei and inferior olive

271
Q

What is the main attractive cue from the Fp

A

Netrins

272
Q

Descirbe the hebbian synapse

A

Coordinated activity of a pre and post synaptic terminal strengthens the connection between them

273
Q

Describe the labelled pathway hypothesis

A

Axons selectively fasicualte with others due to the srufaces carrying cues. Different growth cones express different receptor sets for these cues. Early pioneer axons form a scaffold

274
Q

What neurones found in the trigeminal nucelus

A

DiLA/DBLa neurones

275
Q

What injury is likley to regrow bettwe with more accuratly

A

Crush

276
Q

What is the effect of reduced WNT signalling

A

Ventral genes are expressed more dorsally

277
Q

What are crucial for migration

A

Microtubules

278
Q

What is the migraiton of newly born neuronal precurrsors

A

Lateral migration from VZ to the mantle zone where they diff

BMS249 Dev Neurobiology (16 decks)

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