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Biology paper 2 > Whole content > Flashcards

Whole content Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a constant internal envionmeny despite external changes

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2
Q

Why is homeostasis important?

A

Maintains optimum conditions for enzymes and cell functions

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3
Q

List 3 things we need to control in the body

A

Blood glucose concentration
Body temperature
Water levels

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4
Q

What will a control system in the body always have?

A

A receptor
A co-ordination centre
An effector

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5
Q

Define receptor

A

A cell that detects stimuli (a change in the envionment)

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6
Q

List 3 co-ordination centres

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Pancreas

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7
Q

Define effector

A

A muscle or gland that brings about a response back to optimum

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8
Q

What is a cell fhat electrical impulses pass along called?

A

Neurones

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9
Q

List the order of the reflex arc

A 
Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory
Relay
Motor 
Effector
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10
Q

What are examples of effectors and what do they do?

A

Muscles (which contract)

Glands (secrete substances)

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11
Q

What does the CNS do?

A

Control the response of the effectors

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12
Q

What does CNS stand for, what is it made up of?

A

Central Nervous System

Made up of the Brain and Spinal cord

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13
Q

Why are reflex actions important?

A

They enable survival

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14
Q

Why are reflex actions said to be automatic and rapid?

A

Do not go to/involve the conscious part if your brain

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15
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Composed of glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

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16
Q

How is the endocrine system different to the nervous system?

A

Its slower but the effect last longer

17
Q

Name the “master” gland in the brain?

A

Pituitary gland

18
Q

What organ monitors and controls blood glucose?

A

The pancreas

19
Q

What happens if blood glucose concentration is too high?

A

Pancreas produces the hoone insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood into the cells

20
Q

Where excess, glucose stored is and what is it stored as?

A

Liver and Muscle, stored as glucose

21
Q

What’s the difference between diabetes type 1 and 2?

A

Type 1 : pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin

Type 2 : body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by the pancreas

22
Q

Is obesity a risk factor for type 1 or 2 diabetes?

A

Type 2

23
Q

What occurs if blood glucose concentration is too low?

A

The pancreas produces glucagon, that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

24
Q

What are the effects of glucagon bringing glucose levels back to normal an example of?

A

Negative feedback

25
Q

What is the main female repoductive hormone called, and where is it made?

A

Oestrogen, made in the ovaries

Biology paper 2 (1 decks)

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