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Medical Terminology > Whole Body Terminology > Flashcards

Whole Body Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominal cavity

A

cavity beneath thoracic cavity that is separated by the diaphragm; contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys.

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2
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively; refers to space between the diaphragm and the groin

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3
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.

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4
Q

anatomical position

A

standard reference position for the body as a whole; the person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head and feet also pointed forward.

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5
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body

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6
Q

aplasia

A

a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue

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7
Q

cardiac muscle

A

the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

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8
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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9
Q

cell

A

smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell

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11
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

the first seven segments of the spinal column; identified as C1 through C7

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12
Q

chromosomes

A

the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body.

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13
Q

coccyx

A

the tailbone. Located at the end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of four individual coccygeal bones in the child

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts

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15
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull or cranium

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16
Q

cranial cavity

A

the cavity that contains the brain

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17
Q

cytology

A

the study of cells

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. Cytoplasm contains cell organs, called organelles, which carry out the essential functions of the cell.

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19
Q

deep

A

away from the surface and toward the inside of the body

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20
Q

distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk of the body of farthest from the point of attachment of a body part

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21
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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22
Q

dorsum

A

the back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot

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23
Q

dysplasia

A

any abnormal development of tissues or organs

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24
Q

epigastric region

A

the region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs

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25
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands and body organs

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26
Q

frontal plane

A

any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the bod into front and back portions

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27
Q

genes

A

segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics

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28
Q

histologist

A

a medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues

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29
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells of a body part

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30
Q

hypochondriac region

A

the right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastric region.

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31
Q

hypogastric region

A

the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region

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32
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete or undereveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells

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33
Q

inferior

A

below or downward toward the tail or feet

34
Q

inguinal region

A

right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also called the iliac region

35
Q

invertebral disc

A

a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae

36
Q

lateral

A

toward the side of the body, away from the midline of body

37
Q

long axis

A

the long axis of the body; the imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet; essentially the midline of the body

38
Q

lumbar region

A

the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen.

39
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

the largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column, identified as L1 through L5

40
Q

lysosomes

A

cell organs (or organelles) the contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. Lysosomes destroy bacteria by digesting them

41
Q

McBurney’s Point

A

a point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip (appendix)

42
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

43
Q

mediolateral

A

pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

44
Q

membrane

A

a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space, such as the periotneum that lines the abdominal wall

45
Q

midline of the body

A

the imaginary “line” created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves

46
Q

midsagittal plane

A

the plane that divides the body (or a structure) into right and left equal portions

47
Q

mitochondria

A

cell organs (or organelles), which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions.

48
Q

muscle tissue

A

the tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers

49
Q

navel

A

the umbilicus; the belly button

50
Q

neoplasia

A

the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

51
Q

nervous tissue

A

tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body

52
Q

nucleus

A

the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane

53
Q

organ

A

tissues arranged together to perform a special function

54
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

55
Q

peritoneum

A

a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera

56
Q

plane

A

imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed though the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle

57
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot

58
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back of the body

59
Q

pronation

A

a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward

60
Q

prone

A

lying facedown on the abdomen

61
Q

proximal

A

toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of attachment of a body part

62
Q

ribosomes

A

cell organs (or organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cell’s “protein factories”

63
Q

sacrum

A

the singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child

64
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle that is attached to the bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

65
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

66
Q

spinal cavity

A

the cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal.

67
Q

superficial

A

pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface

68
Q

superior

A

above or upward toward the head

69
Q

supination

A

a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

70
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, face up

71
Q

system

A

organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole

72
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus and the trachea

73
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12

74
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells that performs specialized functions

75
Q

transverse plane

A

any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, dividing body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

76
Q

umbilical region

A

the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region.

77
Q

umbilicus

A

the navel; also called the belly button

78
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front; belly side

79
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

80
Q

visceral muscle

A

see smooth muscle

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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