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igcse history > Who was to blame for the Cold War? > Flashcards

Who was to blame for the Cold War? Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Marshall aid?

A

The act of giving sums of money to countries so they don’t need to succumb to communism

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2
Q

Who was Marshall aid named after?

A

George Marshall, Secretary of State

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3
Q

What was the Truman doctrine a reaction to?

A

Stalin taking over Eastern Europe, Stalin was a threat to world peace

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4
Q

What was the political reaction of the USA to Stalin?

A

The Truman doctrine: providing help to any country threatened by communism

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5
Q

What was the economic reaction of the USA to Stalin?

A

Marshall aid: providing financial aid to any country protected by the Truman doctrine

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6
Q

What was the political reaction of Russia to the Truman doctrine?

A

Cominform: to coordinate the policies of all the soviet satellite states

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7
Q

What was the economic reaction of Russia to Marshall aid?

A

Comecon: communist economic council to coordinate the economies of all the satellite states
USSR forbids her satellite states from accepting Marshall aid

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8
Q

Why was the Truman doctrine known as containment?

A

It was made to contain communism behind the iron curtain so it doesn’t spread any further

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9
Q

Why were the states surrounding USSR known as satellite states?

A

They were dominated by Russia

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10
Q

Why did USSR refuse Marshall aid?

A

Stalin thought the financial aid would persuade USSR to escape from communism, he saw it as a threat

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11
Q

Why did USA lend money to countries in Western Europe?

A

They believed communism succeeded where people were poor so by increasing their economy they wouldn’t go to communism

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12
Q

How much money was given from USA to UK as Marshall aid?

A

3.2 billion dollars

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13
Q

How much money was given from USA to west Germany as Marshall aid?

A

1.4 billion dollars

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14
Q

How much money was given from USA to Greece as Marshall aid?

A

694 million dollars

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15
Q

Why did helping Europe help the USA?

A

The USA was creating markets for its exports

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16
Q

What was the Truman doctrine?

A

The idea that USA should support countries who are resisting the attempted take over of their country by communists

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17
Q

Name 7 reasons Russia were to blame for the Cold War.

A
  1. USA believed the world should be capitalist, Russia didn’t like this
  2. Stalin refused independence to Eastern Europe
  3. Did not trust Stalin as he used Eastern Europe to protect Russia
  4. Stalin was a dictator who killed opposition
  5. Iron curtain speech made people think that communists were evil
  6. Russia used violence and threats to control Eastern Europe and wouldn’t stop until they controlled all of Europe
  7. Stalin didn’t care for democracy and wanted to control Eastern Europe himself
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18
Q

Name 3 reasons both USA and Russia were to blame for the Cold War.

A
  1. They both stockpiled weapons after ww2
  2. USSR feared being bombed by the USA
  3. Their common enemy was dead so they alliance fell through
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19
Q

Name 4 reasons USA were to blame for the Cold War.

A
  1. The USA saw it could not afford to isolate itself from Europe and were committed to stopping dictators like Stalin
  2. Stalin worked well with Roosevelt but Truman just wanted to destroy communism
  3. USA didn’t let Russia take reparations from Germany after ww2
  4. Russia believed the world should be communist, USA didn’t like this
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20
Q

What happened to Germany in 1948?

A

USA, France and UK merged their zones together to make west Germany

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21
Q

Why was Berlin divided into 4 zones?

A

It was fair they each had a section of the capital, despite the fact that it was in the middle of the Russian zone of Germany

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22
Q

What year did the Berlin blockade begin?

A

1948

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23
Q

Why was west Germany doing much better than soviet Germany?

A

They had brought in a new currency

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24
Q

Name 6 reasons that the USSR blockaded Berlin.

A
  1. Stalin was worried that West Berlin was becoming a mini America
  2. West Germany were doing much better than soviet Germany
  3. USA flying in supplies to West Berlin showed the advantages of being capitalist
  4. Stalin worried people would prefer to be capitalist so would abandon communism
  5. Fear that USA wanted another war
  6. Stalin hoped the allies would let him have West Berlin
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25
Q

Why did Stalin not like the fact that west Germany would fly in supplies to West Berlin?

A

It showed the advantages of being capitalist and Stalin feared that if the people in eastern Germany saw the planes in the sky, they would prefer the look of capitalism than communism and he would lose power

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26
Q

What was agreed would happen to Germany after the war?

A

It would be split into 4 zones, one for each of UK, France, USA and Russia

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27
Q

What was the Berlin airlift?

A

The American response to the Berlin blockade where they sent in planes to West Berlin with supplies for them

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28
Q

Why did USA have to fly in planes to West Berlin?

A

Stalin had blocked all road and rail access

29
Q

What did the supplies include?

A

Food, luxuries

30
Q

How long did the Berlin airlift last?

A

10 months

31
Q

Why did the Americans need to prove their strength against Stalin?

A

To preserve the western powers in Berlin

32
Q

Why was the Berlin airlift seen as a piece of propaganda?

A

It was used to promote capitalism to the communist part of Germany and Berlin, as the planes could be seen in the sky

33
Q

Why did the planes being propaganda irritate Stalin?

A

The USA were trying to persuade his communists to become capitalist

34
Q

Why did Stalin not act on the American airlift?

A

USA had developed the atomic bomb in 1945 so that scared Stalin

35
Q

Why did the USA use stalins fear to their advantage?

A

If he feared them enough he would surrender communism and let his people free

36
Q

Why did USA have to fly in planes to West Berlin?

A

Stalin had blocked all road and rail access

37
Q

What did the supplies include?

A

Food, luxuries

38
Q

How long did the Berlin airlift last?

A

10 months

39
Q

Why did the Americans need to prove their strength against Stalin?

A

To preserve the western powers in Berlin

40
Q

Why was the Berlin airlift seen as a piece of propaganda?

A

It was used to promote capitalism to the communist part of Germany and Berlin, as the planes could be seen in the sky

41
Q

Why did the planes being propaganda irritate Stalin?

A

The USA were trying to persuade his communists to become capitalist

42
Q

Why did Stalin not act on the American airlift?

A

USA had developed the atomic bomb in 1945 so that scared Stalin

43
Q

Why did the USA use stalins fear to their advantage?

A

If he feared them enough he would surrender communism and let his people free

44
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Italy?

A

Using cominform to support communist parties

45
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Bulgaria?

A

Executing the opposition

46
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Romania?

A

Sharing power in coalitions

47
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Hungary?

A

Executing opposition

48
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Yugoslavia?

A

Using cominform to support the communist parties

49
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Poland??

A
  1. Sharing power in coalitions

2. Forcing out opposition in 1947

50
Q

How did Stalin take over…

Czechoslovakia??

A
  1. Sharing power in coalition in 1945

2. Making opposition parties illegal in 1948

51
Q

How did Stalin take over…

East Germany?

A

Using the Red Army (stalins army)

52
Q

What was cominform?

A

Communist information bureau (spying on other “communist” countries to make sure they are being good communists)

53
Q

What was the Bolshoi speech?

A

A speech from Stalin in 1946 blaming the USA for being too aggressive. Americans took this as a threat

54
Q

What was the Long Telegram?

A

A telegram from George Keenan, an embassy official who hated communism, saying that soviet Russia is the greatest threat that USA has ever faced and they must be stopped

55
Q

What are salami tactics?

A

Slicing away at the opposition bit by bit

56
Q

Name 5 salami tactics that Stalin was said to have used to take away Eastern Europe.

A
  1. Sharing power in coalitions
  2. Forcing out opposition
  3. Making opposition parties illegal
  4. Executing opposition
  5. Using cominform to support communist parties
57
Q

What happened in Greece in 1947?

A

Monarchists vs communists. Britain elected monarchists so a civil war started. Truman paid for British troops to stay in Greece and help set up the Kings government, even though it was a weak government

58
Q

What happened in Czechoslovakia in 1948?

A

There was coalition government until the communists crashed in, executing the anti soviet leaders

59
Q

How did Stalin take over…

France?

A

Using cominform to support communist parties

60
Q

How many wester countries formed NATO?

A

12

61
Q

When was NATO formed?

A

1949

62
Q

What was NATO’s purpose?

A

To form an alliance against communist threats

63
Q

How did the Eastern countries respond to NATO?

A

They formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955

64
Q

When did the communists build the Berlin Wall?

A

On the 13th August 1961

65
Q

How did they let people in or out of Berlin?

A

If they had a permit

66
Q

Where was the wall built?

A

The border between East and West Berlin

67
Q

Why was the wall built?

A

To stop people defecting from the east to the west

68
Q

What is NATO?

A

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

igcse history (7 decks)

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