Who's Who

Question 1

Jean Piaget

Answer 1

Swiss genetic-epistemologist who developed a theory of childhood cognitive development based around schemes, organisation and adaptation through assimilation and accommodation.

Question 2

Leo Vygotsky

Answer 2

Developed a theory of cognitive development based around children’s interaction with more knowledgable others who engage in the child’s zone of proximal development

Question 3

Erik Erikson

Answer 3

German-American psychologist and follower of Freud, who developed an 8-stage theory of psychosocial development

Question 4

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 4

American psychologist and follower of Piaget who developed a 3 level theory of moral development

Question 5

Thomas and Chess

Answer 5

American psychologists who interviewed parents about their infants’ temperaments in the New York longitudinal study.

Question 6

Buss and Plomin

Answer 6

Conceptualised temperaments based on emotionality, activity and sociability.

Question 7

Gibson and Walk

Answer 7

Demonstrated the normal fear of highs and depth developing as children start to crawl in the “visual cliff” experiment.

Question 8

Wimmer and Perner

Answer 8

Showed that theory of mind develops at about 4yrs using “false belief tasks”.

Question 9

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 9

Ethnologist who described imprinting in ducklings

Question 10

Margaret Mahler

Answer 10

Hungarian physician who described the individuation-separation theory of development

Question 11

John Bowlby

Answer 11

Coined the term “attachment”

Question 12

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 12

Added to Bowlby’s attachment theory and used the strange situation test to describe attachment styles.

Question 13

Alfred Adler

Answer 13

Neo-Freudian who believed that the main driving force in personality is striving for superiority

Question 14

Harry Stack Sullivan

Answer 14

Neo-Freudian who introduced interpersonal therapy and described 3 stages of friendship.

Question 15

Wilfred Bion

Answer 15

Neo-Freudian who developed theories on group dynamics

Question 16

Anna Freud

Answer 16

Developed the theory of defence mechanisms

Question 17

Otto Kernberg

Answer 17

Neo-Freudian who developed transference focused psychotherapy for BPD

Question 18

Donald Winnicott

Answer 18

Neo-Freudian who introduced concepts of transitional object and good-enough mothering

Question 19

Diana Baumrind

Answer 19

Conducted study on preschool children to identify parenting dimensions and styles

Question 20

Mary Main

Answer 20

Developed the adult attachment interview and added “disorganised” to list of child attachment styles

Question 21

Burrhus Skinner

Answer 21

Main proponent of behaviourist theories of language development (correct language reinforced whilst incorrect is ignored)

Question 22

Noam Chomsky

Answer 22

Proponent of nativist view of language acquisition (children possess an innate ability to understand grammar and language).

Question 23

Watson and Raynor

Answer 23

Demonstrated the process of fear response being conditioned to previously neutral stimulus with “Albert B”

Question 24

Frank Skinner

Answer 24

Discovered operant conditioning

Question 25

Edward Tolman

Answer 25

Described cognitive learning. Individuals acquire cues from environment to build internal map to achieve goal

Question 26

David Premack

Answer 26

Stated that more probable behaviours will reinforce less probable ones (you can play once you've done your homework).

Question 27

Martin Seligman

Answer 27

Described learned helplessness in dogs

Question 28

Albert Bandura

Answer 28

Described observational learning through Bobo doll experiment

Question 29

Albert Ellis

Answer 29

Developed rational emotive therapy. Based on challenging "musts, shoulds and oughts". ABC model.

Question 30

Aaron Beck

Answer 30

Developed CBT

Question 31

Marsha Linehan

Answer 31

Developed DBT

Question 32

Anthony Ryle

Answer 32

Developed CAT

Question 33

Emil Kraepelin

Answer 33

Coined terms dementia praecox and manic depression

Question 34

Eugen Bleuler

Answer 34

Coined term schizophrenia and split symptoms into primary (ambivalence, autism, affect disturbance and association loosening) and secondary (delusions, hallucinations, mannerisms and catatonia)

Question 35

Ewald Hecker

Answer 35

Described hebephrenia

Question 36

Karl kahlbaum

Answer 36

Coined term catatonia

Question 37

Benedict Morel

Answer 37

Coined term demence precoce

Question 38

Jacob Kasanin

Answer 38

Described schizoaffective disorder

Question 39

George beard

Answer 39

Coined term neurasthenia

Question 40

Karl Kleist

Answer 40

Described unipolar and bipolar depression

Question 41

Julius Koch

Answer 41

Coined term psychopathic inferiority

Question 42

Johann Christian Reil

Answer 42

Coined term "psychiatry"

Question 43

Jacob Moreno

Answer 43

Father of group psychotherapy

Question 44

Kurt Lewin

Answer 44

Studies group dynamics and leadership styles

Question 45

Russel Barton

Answer 45

Coined institutional neurosis

Question 46

Paul Ekman

Answer 46

Devised list of primary human emotions: happiness, fear, disgust, sadness, anger, surprise

Question 47

Olds and Milner

Answer 47

Implanted electrodes into the hypothalamus area of rats which rats could stimulate with a lever. Rats pressed continuously as it was in a pleasure centre.

Question 48

Erving Goffman

Answer 48

Sociologist who coined the term "stigma". Also wrote, "asylums", "stigma" and "the presentation of self in everyday life".

Question 49

John Cade

Answer 49

Discovered lithium in 1949

Question 50

Paul Charpentier

Answer 50

Synthesised chlorpromazine in 1950

Question 51

Delay & Deniker

Answer 51

Used chlorpromazine as treatment for psychosis for first time

Question 52

Nathan Kline

Answer 52

Discovered risperine in 1954 and monoamine inhibitors in 1957

Question 53

Roland Kuhn

Answer 53

Discovered imipramine in 1957

Question 54

Ugo Cerletti & Lucio Bini

Answer 54

Discovered ECT in 1938

Question 55

John Kane

Answer 55

Discovered efficacy of clozapine in 1987

Question 56

Alfred Binet

Answer 56

Coined term "mental age", from which IQ can be calculated.

Question 57

Michael Foucault

Answer 57

Wrote "Madness and Civilization"

Question 58

Thomas Szasz

Answer 58

Wrote "The Myth of Mental Illness"

Question 59

Henry Maudsley

Answer 59

Wrote "The Physiology and Pathology of the Mind"

Question 60

James Tanner

Answer 60

Devised growth charts

Question 61

Scarr and McCartney

Answer 61

Formed a model of gene-environment interactionin behavioural development

Question 62

William Wundt

Answer 62

Associated with introspection

Question 63

Phineas Gage

Answer 63

Railroad worker who got an iron pole driven though his frontal lobe. He survived, but had dramatic personality change, contributing to understanding of frontal lobe function.