Who's Who Flashcards
Jean Piaget
Swiss genetic-epistemologist who developed a theory of childhood cognitive development based around schemes, organisation and adaptation through assimilation and accommodation.
Leo Vygotsky
Developed a theory of cognitive development based around children’s interaction with more knowledgable others who engage in the child’s zone of proximal development
Erik Erikson
German-American psychologist and follower of Freud, who developed an 8-stage theory of psychosocial development
Lawrence Kohlberg
American psychologist and follower of Piaget who developed a 3 level theory of moral development
Thomas and Chess
American psychologists who interviewed parents about their infants’ temperaments in the New York longitudinal study.
Buss and Plomin
Conceptualised temperaments based on emotionality, activity and sociability.
Gibson and Walk
Demonstrated the normal fear of highs and depth developing as children start to crawl in the “visual cliff” experiment.
Wimmer and Perner
Showed that theory of mind develops at about 4yrs using “false belief tasks”.
Konrad Lorenz
Ethnologist who described imprinting in ducklings
Margaret Mahler
Hungarian physician who described the individuation-separation theory of development
John Bowlby
Coined the term “attachment”
Mary Ainsworth
Added to Bowlby’s attachment theory and used the strange situation test to describe attachment styles.
Alfred Adler
Neo-Freudian who believed that the main driving force in personality is striving for superiority
Harry Stack Sullivan
Neo-Freudian who introduced interpersonal therapy and described 3 stages of friendship.
Wilfred Bion
Neo-Freudian who developed theories on group dynamics
Anna Freud
Developed the theory of defence mechanisms
Otto Kernberg
Neo-Freudian who developed transference focused psychotherapy for BPD
Donald Winnicott
Neo-Freudian who introduced concepts of transitional object and good-enough mothering
Diana Baumrind
Conducted study on preschool children to identify parenting dimensions and styles
Mary Main
Developed the adult attachment interview and added “disorganised” to list of child attachment styles
Burrhus Skinner
Main proponent of behaviourist theories of language development (correct language reinforced whilst incorrect is ignored)
Noam Chomsky
Proponent of nativist view of language acquisition (children possess an innate ability to understand grammar and language).
Watson and Raynor
Demonstrated the process of fear response being conditioned to previously neutral stimulus with “Albert B”
Frank Skinner
Discovered operant conditioning
Edward Tolman
Described cognitive learning. Individuals acquire cues from environment to build internal map to achieve goal
David Premack
Stated that more probable behaviours will reinforce less probable ones (you can play once you’ve done your homework).
Martin Seligman
Described learned helplessness in dogs
Albert Bandura
Described observational learning through Bobo doll experiment
Albert Ellis
Developed rational emotive therapy. Based on challenging “musts, shoulds and oughts”. ABC model.
Aaron Beck
Developed CBT
Marsha Linehan
Developed DBT
Anthony Ryle
Developed CAT
Emil Kraepelin
Coined terms dementia praecox and manic depression
Eugen Bleuler
Coined term schizophrenia and split symptoms into primary (ambivalence, autism, affect disturbance and association loosening) and secondary (delusions, hallucinations, mannerisms and catatonia)
Ewald Hecker
Described hebephrenia
Karl kahlbaum
Coined term catatonia
Benedict Morel
Coined term demence precoce
Jacob Kasanin
Described schizoaffective disorder
George beard
Coined term neurasthenia
Karl Kleist
Described unipolar and bipolar depression
Julius Koch
Coined term psychopathic inferiority
Johann Christian Reil
Coined term “psychiatry”
Jacob Moreno
Father of group psychotherapy
Kurt Lewin
Studies group dynamics and leadership styles
Russel Barton
Coined institutional neurosis
Paul Ekman
Devised list of primary human emotions: happiness, fear, disgust, sadness, anger, surprise
Olds and Milner
Implanted electrodes into the hypothalamus area of rats which rats could stimulate with a lever. Rats pressed continuously as it was in a pleasure centre.
Erving Goffman
Sociologist who coined the term “stigma”. Also wrote, “asylums”, “stigma” and “the presentation of self in everyday life”.
John Cade
Discovered lithium in 1949
Paul Charpentier
Synthesised chlorpromazine in 1950
Delay & Deniker
Used chlorpromazine as treatment for psychosis for first time
Nathan Kline
Discovered risperine in 1954 and monoamine inhibitors in 1957
Roland Kuhn
Discovered imipramine in 1957
Ugo Cerletti & Lucio Bini
Discovered ECT in 1938
John Kane
Discovered efficacy of clozapine in 1987
Alfred Binet
Coined term “mental age”, from which IQ can be calculated.
Michael Foucault
Wrote “Madness and Civilization”
Thomas Szasz
Wrote “The Myth of Mental Illness”
Henry Maudsley
Wrote “The Physiology and Pathology of the Mind”
James Tanner
Devised growth charts
Scarr and McCartney
Formed a model of gene-environment interactionin behavioural development
William Wundt
Associated with introspection
Phineas Gage
Railroad worker who got an iron pole driven though his frontal lobe. He survived, but had dramatic personality change, contributing to understanding of frontal lobe function.
