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MRCPsych - paper A > Who's Who > Flashcards

Who's Who Flashcards

1
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Swiss genetic-epistemologist who developed a theory of childhood cognitive development based around schemes, organisation and adaptation through assimilation and accommodation.

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2
Q

Leo Vygotsky

A

Developed a theory of cognitive development based around children’s interaction with more knowledgable others who engage in the child’s zone of proximal development

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3
Q

Erik Erikson

A

German-American psychologist and follower of Freud, who developed an 8-stage theory of psychosocial development

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4
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

American psychologist and follower of Piaget who developed a 3 level theory of moral development

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5
Q

Thomas and Chess

A

American psychologists who interviewed parents about their infants’ temperaments in the New York longitudinal study.

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6
Q

Buss and Plomin

A

Conceptualised temperaments based on emotionality, activity and sociability.

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7
Q

Gibson and Walk

A

Demonstrated the normal fear of highs and depth developing as children start to crawl in the “visual cliff” experiment.

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8
Q

Wimmer and Perner

A

Showed that theory of mind develops at about 4yrs using “false belief tasks”.

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9
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Ethnologist who described imprinting in ducklings

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10
Q

Margaret Mahler

A

Hungarian physician who described the individuation-separation theory of development

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11
Q

John Bowlby

A

Coined the term “attachment”

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12
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Added to Bowlby’s attachment theory and used the strange situation test to describe attachment styles.

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13
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Neo-Freudian who believed that the main driving force in personality is striving for superiority

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14
Q

Harry Stack Sullivan

A

Neo-Freudian who introduced interpersonal therapy and described 3 stages of friendship.

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15
Q

Wilfred Bion

A

Neo-Freudian who developed theories on group dynamics

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16
Q

Anna Freud

A

Developed the theory of defence mechanisms

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17
Q

Otto Kernberg

A

Neo-Freudian who developed transference focused psychotherapy for BPD

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18
Q

Donald Winnicott

A

Neo-Freudian who introduced concepts of transitional object and good-enough mothering

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19
Q

Diana Baumrind

A

Conducted study on preschool children to identify parenting dimensions and styles

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20
Q

Mary Main

A

Developed the adult attachment interview and added “disorganised” to list of child attachment styles

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21
Q

Burrhus Skinner

A

Main proponent of behaviourist theories of language development (correct language reinforced whilst incorrect is ignored)

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22
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Proponent of nativist view of language acquisition (children possess an innate ability to understand grammar and language).

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23
Q

Watson and Raynor

A

Demonstrated the process of fear response being conditioned to previously neutral stimulus with “Albert B”

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24
Q

Frank Skinner

A

Discovered operant conditioning

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25
Q

Edward Tolman

A

Described cognitive learning. Individuals acquire cues from environment to build internal map to achieve goal

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26
Q

David Premack

A

Stated that more probable behaviours will reinforce less probable ones (you can play once you’ve done your homework).

27
Q

Martin Seligman

A

Described learned helplessness in dogs

28
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Described observational learning through Bobo doll experiment

29
Q

Albert Ellis

A

Developed rational emotive therapy. Based on challenging “musts, shoulds and oughts”. ABC model.

30
Q

Aaron Beck

A

Developed CBT

31
Q

Marsha Linehan

A

Developed DBT

32
Q

Anthony Ryle

A

Developed CAT

33
Q

Emil Kraepelin

A

Coined terms dementia praecox and manic depression

34
Q

Eugen Bleuler

A

Coined term schizophrenia and split symptoms into primary (ambivalence, autism, affect disturbance and association loosening) and secondary (delusions, hallucinations, mannerisms and catatonia)

35
Q

Ewald Hecker

A

Described hebephrenia

36
Q

Karl kahlbaum

A

Coined term catatonia

37
Q

Benedict Morel

A

Coined term demence precoce

38
Q

Jacob Kasanin

A

Described schizoaffective disorder

39
Q

George beard

A

Coined term neurasthenia

40
Q

Karl Kleist

A

Described unipolar and bipolar depression

41
Q

Julius Koch

A

Coined term psychopathic inferiority

42
Q

Johann Christian Reil

A

Coined term “psychiatry”

43
Q

Jacob Moreno

A

Father of group psychotherapy

44
Q

Kurt Lewin

A

Studies group dynamics and leadership styles

45
Q

Russel Barton

A

Coined institutional neurosis

46
Q

Paul Ekman

A

Devised list of primary human emotions: happiness, fear, disgust, sadness, anger, surprise

47
Q

Olds and Milner

A

Implanted electrodes into the hypothalamus area of rats which rats could stimulate with a lever. Rats pressed continuously as it was in a pleasure centre.

48
Q

Erving Goffman

A

Sociologist who coined the term “stigma”. Also wrote, “asylums”, “stigma” and “the presentation of self in everyday life”.

49
Q

John Cade

A

Discovered lithium in 1949

50
Q

Paul Charpentier

A

Synthesised chlorpromazine in 1950

51
Q

Delay & Deniker

A

Used chlorpromazine as treatment for psychosis for first time

52
Q

Nathan Kline

A

Discovered risperine in 1954 and monoamine inhibitors in 1957

53
Q

Roland Kuhn

A

Discovered imipramine in 1957

54
Q

Ugo Cerletti & Lucio Bini

A

Discovered ECT in 1938

55
Q

John Kane

A

Discovered efficacy of clozapine in 1987

56
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Coined term “mental age”, from which IQ can be calculated.

57
Q

Michael Foucault

A

Wrote “Madness and Civilization”

58
Q

Thomas Szasz

A

Wrote “The Myth of Mental Illness”

59
Q

Henry Maudsley

A

Wrote “The Physiology and Pathology of the Mind”

60
Q

James Tanner

A

Devised growth charts

61
Q

Scarr and McCartney

A

Formed a model of gene-environment interactionin behavioural development

62
Q

William Wundt

A

Associated with introspection

63
Q

Phineas Gage

A

Railroad worker who got an iron pole driven though his frontal lobe. He survived, but had dramatic personality change, contributing to understanding of frontal lobe function.

MRCPsych - paper A (7 decks)

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