White Wine Flashcards
1
Q
Descriptors other than fruit for Albariño
A
Albariño
Floral: White and Yellow Flowers, Citrus and Apple Blossoms.
Other: Bubblegum, Agave, Slight Beer Yeast, Leesy,
Saline, Possible ML fermentation.
Earth: Moderate Plus Minerality.
Oak: None
2
Q
Aromatic intensity and fruit/fruit character for Albariño?
A
Albariño
Aromas: Moderate Plus Intensity.
Fruit: Ripe Citrus (Orange, Meyer Lemon, Ruby Red Grapefruit), Stone Fruit (White Peach, Peach Pit, Apricot, Nectarine), Green Apple, Melon.
3
Q
Visual description for Albariño?
A
Albariño
Visual: Pale Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Minus Concentration, Slight Residual Gas (in youth)
4
Q
Structure for Albariño?
A
Albariño
Structure: Dry, Moderate Body, Elevated Acidity, Moderate Alcohol
5
Q
Preferred soil type for Albariño?
A
Albariño
Preferred Soil Type: sand and alluvial topsoils with rocky subsoil (such as granite)
6
Q
Common blending partners for Albariño?
A
Albariño
Common Blending Partners: Treixadura, Loureiro, Caíño Blanco
7
Q
Viticultural characteristics for Albariño?
A
Albariño
Viticultural Characteristics: Susceptible to Downy and Powdery Mildew, Moderate Vigor, Early- to Mid-Ripening,
8
Q
Viticultural characteristics to Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Viticultural Characteristics: Loose Clusters, Small-Berried, Thick-Skinned, Prone to Oxidation, Resistant to Drought, Resistant to Mildew
9
Q
Preferred soil type for Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Preferred Soil Type: volcanic soil
10
Q
Common blending partners for Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Common Blending Partners: Athiri, Aidani, Malagousia, Sauvignon Blanc
11
Q
Visual appearance of Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Visual: Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Concentration
12
Q
Fruit characteristics of Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Fruit: Citrus (Lemon, Lime), Yellow Apple, Stone Fruit in warmer vintages
13
Q
Name some characteristics, other than fruit, for Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Floral: Citrus Blossoms, Gardenia, Dried Flowers
Oxidative: Slight Hazelnut
Other: Lees, Petrol (particularly after 3-4 years of bottle age)
Earth: Sulfur, Ash, Flint, Gunsmoke, Lava Rock
Oak: None (although most producers do have a barrique-aged bottling in their range)
14
Q
What is the structure of Assyrtiko?
A
Assyrtiko
Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Low Tannin (Assyrtiko is an extremely phenolic grape), High Acidity (3.0 pH is average), Elevated to High Alcohol
15
Q
Grape parentage for Chardonnay?
A
Chardonnay
Grape Parentage: Gouais Blanc x Pinot
16
Q
Viticultural characteristics of Chardonnay?
A
Chardonnay
Viticultural Characteristics: Thin-Skinned, Early-Budding, Susceptible to Grey Rot/Botrytis, Susceptible to Millerandage
17
Q
Preferred soil type of Chardonnay?
A
Chardonnay
Preferred Soil Type: chalk and limestone
18
Q
Common blending partners of Chardonnay?
A
Chardonnay
Common Blending Partners: Pinot Noir, Meunier, Pinot Blanc, Savagnin, Sémillon
19
Q
What are the visual descriptors for Chablis.
A
Visual descriptors for Chablis:
Pale Straw/Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Concentration
20
Q
Aromatic Intensity for Chablis?
A
Aromatic Intensity for Chablis:
Moderate Intensity
21
Q
Fruit characteristics for Chablis?
A
Fruit for Chablis:
Tart to Just Ripe Tree Fruit (Green Apple, Yellow Apple, Green Pear), Citrus (Lemon)
22
Q
Characteristics, other than fruit, for Chablis
A
Characteristics, other than fruit, for Chablis: Sulphuric Note (especially in youth): Flint, Burnt Match, Slight Cabbage
Oxidative Notes (if neutral barrels are employed): Hazelnut, Almond, Cheese Rind
Floral: Faint White Flowers, Apple Blossoms, Hawthorne, Acacia
Earth: High Minerality, Stony, Chalk, Saline/Seaspray, Oyster Shell, Button Mushroom
Oak: None or Neutral Barrel
23
Q
What is the structure for Chablis?
A
Chablis
Structure: Bone Dry to Dry, Moderate to Moderate Plus Body, Elevated to High Acidity, Moderate Alcohol
24
Q
What is the visual appearance for Côte de Beaune Chardonnay?
A
Côte de Beaune Chardonnay
Visual: Straw to Yellow/Pale Gold, Moderate to Moderate Plus Concentration
25
Aromatic intensity for Cote de Beaune Chardonnay?
Cote de Beaune Chardonnay:
| Moderate to Moderate Plus Intensity
26
Fruit characteristics of Cote de Beaune Chardonnay?
Cote de Beaune Chardonnay
| Fruit: Tree Fruits (Green/Yellow Apple, Pear, Quince), Citrus (Lemon), Melon, Stone Fruit (White Peach, Yellow Cherry)
27
List some characteristics of Sulfur, Oxidative, Malolactic, Floral, Other, and Earth for Cote de Beaune Chardonnay?
- Sulphuric Note (especially in youth): Flint, Burnt Match, Slight Cabbage
- Oxidative Notes: Almond, Hazelnut, Cheese Rind
- Malolactic Notes: Slight Butter, Crème Fraiche/Sour Cream
- Floral: White Flowers, Acacia, Hawthorne, Honeysuckle, Apple Blossoms
- Other: Slight Spice, Slight Savory Herbs
- Earth: Moderate to High Minerality, Limestone, Button Mushroom
28
List the aromatic characteristics of oak and bottle age for Cote de Beaune Chardonnay?
Cote de Beaune Chardonnay
- Oak: Low to High Use of New French Oak, Toffee, Salted Caramel, Butterscotch, Sweet Baking Spices, Cinnamon, Toast, Smoke
- Bottle Age Aromas: Truffle, Honey, Nut
29
Structure for Cote de Beaune Chardonnay?
Cote de Beaune Chardonnay
| Structure: Dry, Moderate to Full Body, Elevated Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol
30
Visual for Oak-Driven California Chardonnay
Oak-Driven California Chardonnay
| Visual: Yellow/Pale Gold, Moderate Plus Concentration
31
Aromatic intensity for Oak-Driven California Chardonnay.
Oak-Driven California Chardonnay
| Moderate to Moderate Plus Aromatic Intensity
32
Fruit Characteristics for Oak Driven California Chardonnay.
Oak Driven California Chardonnay
Fruit: Ripe Tree Fruits (Yellow Apple, Baked Pear), Ripe Citrus (Meyer Lemon), Ripe Apricot, Tropical Fruits (Ripe Pineapple, Mango), Melon
33
Characteristics, other than fruit, for Oak-Driven California Chardonnay.
Oak-Driven California Chardonnay
Floral: White Flowers, Apple Blossoms, Honeysuckle
Oxidative Notes: Hazelnut, Almond
Malolactic Notes: Butter, Yogurt, Crème Fraiche/Sour Cream
Other: Sweet/Canned Corn
Earth: Low Minerality, Slight Limestone
Oak: Moderate to High Use of New French Oak, Toffee, Salted Caramel, Butterscotch, Sweet Baking Spices, Vanilla, Pie Crust, Toast
34
Structure for Oak Driven California Chardonnay
Oak-Driven California Chardonnay
Structure: Dry (may have slight residual sugar), Moderate Plus to Full Body, Moderate Acidity, Elevated Alcohol
35
Place of origin for Chenin Blanc
Anjou
36
Origin of Chenin Blanc's name?
Origin of Grape Name: Chenin Blanc is named for Mont-Chenin in Touraine
37
Synonyms for Chenin Blanc
South Africa: Steen
France: Pineau de la Loire, Pineau d'Anjou, Pineau (Loire Valley)
South America: Pinot Bianco
38
Viticultural Characteristics for Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Viticultural Characteristics: Thin-Skinned, Early-Budding, Late-Ripening (in cool climates), Susceptible to Botrytis/Grey Rot, Susceptible to Oidium, Resistance to Downy Mildew
39
Preferred soils for Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Preferred Soil Type: calcareous soils
Associated Classic Soil Types:
Touraine: Tuffeau
40
Blending partners for Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Common Blending Partners: Classic examples of Chenin Blanc are varietal wines, but it may be blended with Chardonnay, Colombard, or Sauvignon Blanc for basic and bulk wines
41
Visual for Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
| Visual: Pale Straw/Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Concentration
42
Aromatic Intensity for Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
| Moderate to moderat plus aromatic intensity
43
Fruit descriptors for Chenin Blanc
Fruit: Tree Fruit (Green/Golden/Oxidized Apple, Quince, Yellow Pear), Citrus (Tangerine, Orange, Lemon), Demi-Sec examples may also reveal Melon and Tropical Fruit Notes
44
Oxidative, Floral, and Herbal notes found in Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Oxidative Notes: Slight Bruised Apple, Bitter Nut, Almond, Cheese Rind/Soft Cheese
Floral: Orange Blossoms, Jasmine, Honeysuckle, Fragrant White Flowers
Herbal: Chamomile/Herbal Tea, Medicinal Notes, Dandelion Greens, Wasabi, Savory Herbs, Tree Bark
45
Botrytis, Other, Earth, and Oak found in Chenin Blanc
Botrytis (possible): Honey (particularly with Bottle Age), Ginger, Marmalade
Other: Wet Wool, Lanolin
Earth: Moderate Plus to High Minerality, Damp Straw, Limestone/Tuffeau, Wet Stones, White Mushroom
Oak: None or Neutral Cask
46
Structure of Chenin Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Structure: Dry to Off-Dry (dry examples typically have slight RS), Moderate Body, High Acidity, Diminished to Moderate Alcohol
47
Visual for Savennières
Savennieres
| Visual: Pale Yellow/Gold, Moderate Plus Concentration
48
Oxidative, Floral, and Herbal notes for Savennieres
Oxidative Notes: Bruised/Rotten Apple, Cider, Bitter Nut, Almond/Marzipan, Pistachio, Cheese Rind/Soft Cheese (overall the character of classic Savennières tends to be more oxidative than Vouvray)
Floral: Honeysuckle, Jasmine, White Flowers
Herbal: Chamomile/Herbal Tea, Medicinal Notes, Dandelion Greens, Wasabi, Savory Herbs, Tree Bark
49
Botrytis, Other, Earth, and Oak on Savennieres
Botrytis (possible): Honey (particularly with bottle age), Saffron, Ginger, Marmalade
Other: Wet Wool, Lanolin
Earth: Moderate Plus to High Minerality, Damp Straw,
Schist, Wet Stones, White Mushroom
Oak: None or Neutral Cask
50
Structure for Savennieres
Savennieres
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus to Full Body, High Levels of Extract, High Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol
51
Grape Parentage for Gewurztraminer (Gewürztraminer)
Grape Parentage: Gewürztraminer is a mutation of Savagnin Rosé (Red Traminer).
Traminer itself has a parent-offspring relationship with Pinot, but it is unclear which is the parent and which is the offspring.
52
Origin of grape name for Gewürztraminer
"Spicy" Traminer ("Gewürztraminer" first appeared in print in the writings of the German Johann Metzger in 1827)
53
Viticultural characteristics of Gewürztraminer
Gewurtztraminer
| Viticultural Characteristics: Thick-Skinned, Early-Budding, Mid-Ripening, Uneven Ripening, Susceptible to Coulure
54
Preferred soil type for Gewurztraminer
Gewurztraminer
| Preferred Soil Type: loamy and heavy clay soils
55
Visual for Gewurztraminer
Gewurztraminer
| Visual: Yellow/Gold, Moderate Plus to High Concentration
56
Aromatic intensity for Gewurztraminer
Gewurztraminer
| High (Heady) Intensity
57
Fruit characteristics for Gewürztraminer
Gewurztraminer
Fruit: Tropical Fruit (Lychee, Pineapple, Tropical Fruit Punch), Ripe Stone Fruit (Peach Jam, Dried Apricot), Citrus (Orange Marmalade, Grapefruit Pith)
58
Floral and Spices found in Gewürztraminer
Floral: Roses, Floral Perfume
Spice: Cinnamon, Clove, Gingerbread, Musk, Potpourri, Exotic Spices
59
Other, Earth and Oak found in Gewürztraminer
Other: Honey, Bergamot Oil, Face Lotion/Perfumed Hand Soap
Earth: Moderate to Moderate Plus Minerality
Oak: None or Neutral Cask
60
Structure for Gewurztraminer
Gewurztraminer
Structure: Dry to Off Dry, Moderate Plus to Full-Body, Diminished to Moderate Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol, Phenolic Bitterness
61
Grape parentage for Grüner Veltliner
Gruner Veltliner
| Grape Parentage: Traminer x St. Georgener-Rebe
62
Place of Origin for Gruner Veltliner
Gruner Veltliner
| Place of Origin: Austria or Northern Italy
63
Origin of Gruner Veltliner's name
Gruner Veltliner
| Origin of Grape Name: "Veltlin" is the German name for Valtellina in Northern Italy
64
Viticultural Characteristics for Gruner Veltliner
Gruner Veltliner
| Viticultural Characteristics: Mid- to Late-Budding, Mid- to Late-Ripening, Susceptible to Downy Mildew
65
Preferred soil type for Gruner Veltliner
Gruner Veltliner
| Preferred Soil Type: gneiss, loess, other weathered primary rock
66
Visual for Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Visual: Pale Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Minus Concentration, Slight Residual Gas (in youth)
67
Aromatic intensity for Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Moderate to Moderate Plus Intensity
68
Fruit character for Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Fruit: Citrus (Grapefruit, Lime, Lemon), Under-ripe to Ripe Stone Fruit (White Peach, Nectarine, Yellow Cherry, Green Plum), Green Apple
69
Floral, Spice, and Green/Herbal character in Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Floral: White Flowers
Spice: White Pepper, Wasabi, Peppery Greens (Arugula, Watercress), Radish, Lentils
Green/Herbal: Sugar Snap Pea/Crisp Green Vegetable, Celery, Tarragon, Chive/Chive Blossom
70
Botrytis, Earth, Other, and Oak character for Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Grüner Veltliner
Botrytis: None
Earth: High Minerality, Stony, Granitic
Other: Leesy, Smoke
Oak: None
71
Structure for Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Federspiel and Kremstal/Kamptal Classic Gruner Veltliner
Structure: Dry, Moderate Body, Elevated Acidity, Moderate Alcohol
72
Visual for Wachau Smaragd and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Grüner Veltliner
Wachau Smaragd and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Grüner Veltliner
Visual: Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate to Moderate Plus Concentration
73
Aromatic intensity for Wachau Smaragd and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Smaragd and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
| Moderate Plus Intensity of Aromas
74
Fruit character for Wachau Smaragd and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Smaragd and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Fruit: Citrus (Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime, Orange), Ripe Stone Fruit (Peach, Apricot, Yellow Cherry, White Plum), Red/Yellow Apple, Slight Dried and/or Tropical Fruit Character
75
Floral, Spice, Green/Herbal, Oxidation notes for Wachau Smargad and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Smargad and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Floral: White Flowers
Spice: White Pepper, Wasabi, Radish, Lentils
Green/Herbal: Slight Chive, Tarragon, Sage
Slight Oxidation: Blanched Almond, Nut
76
Botrytis, Earth, Other, and Oak character for Wachau Smargad and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Smargad and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Botrytis: Slight Ginger, Honey, Saffron
Earth: Moderate to High Minerality, Stony, Granitic
Other: Leesy, Smoke
Oak: None or Neutral Large Cask
77
Structure for Wachau Smargad and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Wachau Smargad and Kremstal/Kamptal Reserve Gruner Veltliner
Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Elevated Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol
78
Place of origin for Marsanne
Rhone Valley
79
Origin of Marsanne's name
Origin of Grape Name: Marsanne's namesake is the town of Marsanne, near Montélimar. It first appears in print in 1781.
80
Viticultural characteristics for Marsanne
Viticultural Characteristics: Late Budding, Mid-Ripening, High Vigor, Susceptible to Powdery Mildew, and Botrytis/Bunch Rot, Small Berries
81
Preferred soil type for Marsanne
Marsanne
| Preferred Soil Type: Stony, low-vigor soils
82
Common blending partners for Marsanne
Marsanne
| Common Blending Partners: Roussanne, Viognier
83
Visual for Hermitage and Crozes-Hermitage Blanc
Hermitage and Crozes-Hermitage Blanc
Visual: Yellow Color with Hints of Gold and Green, Moderate Plus to High Concentration
84
Aromatic intensity for Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Moderate Plus Intensity
85
Fruit character for Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage Blanc
Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Fruit: Ripe Stone Fruit (Apricot, Apricot Kernel, White Peach, White Plum), RIpe Tree Fruit (Quince, Pear, Baked Apple), Melon, Orange Marmalade, Citron/Lemon Oil
86
Oxidation, Malolactic, Floral, Herbal/Green, and Spice character for Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage Blanc
Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Oxidation Notes: Almond/Marzipan, Hazelnut
Malolactic Notes: Butter, Cream
Floral: White Flowers, Honeysuckle, Acacia
Herbal/Green: Green Olive, Thyme, Pine
Spice: Cinnamon, Musk
87
Other, Earth, and Oak characteristics for Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Other: Beeswax, Honey, Parsnip, Root Beer
Earth: Moderate to High Minerality, Granitic/Stony
Oak: Neutral Casks or Low to Moderate Use of New French Oak, Vanilla Pod, Toast, Smoke, Baking Spices
88
Structure for Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage
Marsanne/Hermitage/Crozes-Hermitage Blanc
Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus to Full Body, Diminished Acidity, Elevated Alcohol, Phenolic Bitterness
89
Grape parentage for Melon de Bourgogne
Melon de Bourgogne
| Grape Parentage: Gouais Blanc x Pinot
90
Viticultural Characteristics of Melon de Bourgogne
Melon de Bourgogne
Viticultural Characteristics: High-Yielding, Early-Budding, Early-Ripening, Resistance to Cold and Frost, Susceptible to Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, and Botrytis/Grey Rot
91
Preferred soil type for Melon de Bourgogne
Melon de Bourgogne
| Preferred Soil Type: stony, mineral-rich schistous soils
92
Visual for "Sur Lie" Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine
"Sur Lie" Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine
Visual: Watery to Pale Straw with Hints of Green, Low to Moderate Minus Concentration, Slight Residual Gas (in youth)
93
Aromatic intensity for "Sur Lie" Muscadet Sevre et Maine
"Sur Lie" Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine
Moderate Minus to Moderate Intensity
94
Fruit character for Muscadet Sevre et Maine
"Sur Lie" Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine
Fruit: Tart Citrus (Lemon, Lime), Tart Tree Fruit (Green Apple, Green Pear), Under-ripe Stone Fruit (White Peach, Nectarine)
95
Floral, Herbal/Root, Sur Lie, Oak, and Earth character of "Sur Lie" Muscadet Sevre et Maine
"Sur Lie" Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine
Floral: Faint White Flowers
Herbal/Root: Dandelion Greens, Nettles, Savory Herbs,
Peppery Greens, Turnip/Root Vegetable
Sur Lie: Leesy, Yeast, Sourdough, Sour Beer, Slight Cream
Earth: High Minerality, Saline/Brine, Sea Salt, Wet Stones
Oak: None
96
Structure of "Sur Lie" Muscadet Sevre et Maine
"Sur Lie" Muscadet Sevre et Maine
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Minus to Moderate Body, High Acidity, Moderate Alcohol
97
Place of origin for Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
Place of Origin: Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains is the oldest member of the Muscat grape family, and likely the oldest grapevine known to man. Greek ampelographers speculate that its origins lie on the isle of Samos.
98
Viticultural Characteristics of Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains
Viticultural Characteristics: Early-Budding, Late-Ripening, Susceptible to Fungal Disease, Susceptible to Leaf Roll Virus, Low-Yielding
99
Visual for Alsace Muscat
Alsace Muscat
| Visual: Straw/Yellow, Moderate to Moderate Plus Concentration
100
Aromatic intensity for Alsace Muscat
Alsace Muscat
| High (heady) aromatic intensity
101
Fruit character for Alsace Muscat
Fruit: Ripe Citrus (Orange, Tangerine), Ripe Tree Fruit (Yellow Pear), Ripe Stone Fruit (Yellow Peach, Apricot), Tropical Fruit (Pineapple, Mango), Melon, Grape
102
Floral, Herbal/Green, and Spice for Alsace Muscat
Alsace Muscat
Floral: White, Yellow and Red Flowers, Honeysuckle, Rose, Orange Blossoms, Lilacs, Elderflower
Herbal/Green: Slight Vegetative Notes
Spice: Musk, Potpourri, Cinnamon, Licorice
103
Earth and Oak character for Muscat Alsace
Alsace Muscat
Earth: Moderate to Moderate Plus Minerality, Stony, Button Mushroom, Damp Cellar
Oak: None or Large Neutral Cask
104
Structure for Alsace Muscat
Alsace Muscat
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Body, Moderate Acidity, Moderate Alcohol, Phenolic Bitterness
105
Visual for Muscat de Beaumes de Venise
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
Visual: Straw, Moderate Concentration
106
Aromatic Intensity for Beaumes de Venise
Muscat Beaumes de Venise
| High (heady) intensity
107
Fruit character of Muscat Beams de Venise
Muscat Beaumes de Venise
Fruit: Candied Citrus (Orange, Tangerine), Ripe Stone Fruit (Yellow Peach, Apricot), Tropical Fruit (Pineapple, Mango), Melon Liqueur, Grape
108
Floral, Other, and Oak character for Muscat Beaumes de Venise
Muscat Beaumes de Venise
Floral: White, Yellow and Red Flowers, Honeysuckle, Rose, Orange Blossoms, Lilacs, Elderflower
Other: Honey
Oak: None
109
Structure for Muscat de Venise
Muscat Beaumes de Venise
Structure: Medium Sweet to Sweet (at least 110 g/l residual sugar), Full Body, Moderate Acidity, High Alcohol (fortified)
110
Grape parentage for Pinot Grigio (Gris)
```
Pinot Grigio (Gris)
Grape Parentage: Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir are clones, and the prototype "Pinot" was likely a wild vine
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111
Place of Origin for Pinot Grigio
Pinot Grigio
| Place of Origin: Burgundy
112
Origin of grape name for Pinot Grigio (Gris).
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Pinot Grigio (Gris)
Origin of Grape Name: "Grey" Pinot ("Pinot" is derived from the French word for "pine cone," a reference to the shape of the grape cluster)
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113
Synonym for Pinot Grigio in Germany
Grauburgunder
114
Viticultural Characteristic of Pinot Grigio (Gris)
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Pinot Grigio (Gris)
Viticultural Characteristics: Early-Budding, Mid-Ripening, Resistance to Pests and Most Diseases, Susceptible to Botrytis/Grey Rot
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115
What are the Alsatian Biotypes of Pinot Gris
Alsatian Biotypes of Pinot Gris:
Gros Grains: larger berries, higher-yielding
Petits Grains: smaller berries, lower-yielding, much rarer
116
Preferred soil type for Pinot Grigio (Gris)
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Pinot Grigio (Gris)
Preferred Soil Type: deep and fertile soils with high mineral content
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117
Visual for Alsatian Pinot Gris
Alsatian Pinot Gris
Visual: Yellow/Pale Gold (possibly with slight copper and pink tones), Moderate to Moderate Plus Concentration
118
Aromatic Intensity for Alsatian Pinot Gris
Alsatian Pinot Gris
| Moderate to Moderate Plus aromatic intensity
119
Fruit character for Alsatian Pinot Gris
Alsatian Pinot Gris
Fruit: Stone Fruit (Apricot, Yellow Peach), Candied Citrus (Meyer Lemon, Orange), Ripe Tree Fruit (Baked Apple, Quince), Tropical Notes (Pineapple), Banana/Banana Peel
120
Floral, Spice, and Botrytis character found in Alsatian Pinot Gris
Alsatian Pinot Gris
Floral: Faint White Flowers, Apple Blossoms, Honeysuckle
Spice: Exotic Spices, Musk, Cinnamon
Botrytis: Honey, Ginger
121
Other, Earth, and Oak character in Alsatian Pinot Gris
Alsatian Pinot Gris
Other: Beeswax, Damp Cellar, Nutty, Bitter Almond
Earth: Moderate to High Minerality, Mushroom/Forest Floor
Oak: Large Neutral Oak Casks
122
Structure of Alsatian Pinot Gris
Alsatian Pinot Gris
| Structure: Dry to Medium Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol, Phenolic Bitterness
123
Visual for Italian Pinot Grigio
Italian Pinot Grigio
| Visual: Pale Straw with Hints of Green (possibly with slight copper and pink tones), Moderate Concentration
124
Aromatic Intensity for Italian Pinot Grigio
Italian Pinot Grigio
Moderate aromatic intensity
125
Fruit character for Italian Pinot Grigio
Italian Pinot Grigio
| Fruit: Citrus (Lemon), Tree Fruit (Red and Yellow Apple), Creamy Stone Fruit (White Peach, Nectarine), Melon
126
Floral, Herbal, Other, Earth, and Oak characteristics in Italian Pinot Grigio
Italian Pinot Grigio
Floral: White and Yellow Flowers
Herbal: Watercress/Arugula
Other: Peanut Shell, Lager Yeast/Stale Beer
Earth: Moderate to Moderate Plus Minerality, Stone/Chalk, Ashen Notes, Saline
Oak: None
127
Structure for Italian Pinot Grigio
Italian Pinot Grigio
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Body, Elevated Acidity, Moderate Alcohol, Slight Phenolic Bitterness
128
Grape parentage for Riesling
Riesling
| Grape Parentage: Gouais Blanc (Weißer Heunisch) x crossing of Traminer and a wild vine
129
Riesling's place of origin
Riesling
| Place of Origin: Rhein Valley
130
Viticultural characteristics of Riesling
Riesling
Viticultural Characteristics: Late-Budding, Early-Ripening (in warmer climates), Cold-Resistant, Susceptible to Coulure and Grey Rot/Botrytis
131
Preferred soil type for Riesling
Riesling
Preferred Soil Type: slate and other well-drained, poor soils
Associated "Classic" Soil Types:
Mosel: Devonian Blue Slate
132
Visual for Mosel Kabinett Riesling
Mosel Kabinett Riesling
| Visual: Brilliant, Watery White with Hints of Green, Low Concentration
133
Level of aromatic intensity for Mosel Kabinett Riesling
Mosel Kabinett Riesling
| High aromatic intensity
134
Fruit character for Kabinett Riesling
Mosel Kabinett Riesling
Fruit: Tart Tree Fruits (Green Apple, Bosc Pear, Quince), Citrus/Citrus Peel (Lemon, Lime, Grapefruit), Stone Fruit (White Peach, White Plum, Nectarine), Blackcurrant
135
Floral, Other, Earth, Oak, and Bottle age aromas found in Mosel Kabinett Riesling
```
Mosel Kabinett Riesling
Sulphuric Note (in youth)
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Floral: White Flowers, Jasmine, Fruit Tree Blossoms
Other: Slight Smoke, Candlewax, Panna Cotta/Meringue, Slight Petrol
Earth: High Minerality, Slate, Crushed Rock
Oak: None or Large Neutral Cask
Bottle Age Aromas: Honey, Petrol, Paraffin
136
Structure for Mosel Kabinett
Mosel Kabinett Riesling
| Structure: Off-Dry to Medium Dry, Light Body, High Acidity, Low Alcohol
137
Visual for Rheingau Spatlese
Rheingau Spätlese
| Visual: Star-Bright, Straw with Hints of Pale Gold and Green, Moderate Concentration
138
Aromatic intensity for Rheingau Spatlese
Rheingau Spatlese Riesling
| High level aromatic intensity
139
Fruit characters for Spatlese Riesling
Rheingau Spatlese Riesling
Fruit: Ripe Tree Fruits (Yellow Apple, Pear, Quince), Fresh Citrus/Citrus Peel (Grapefruit, Orange, Meyer Lemon), Stone Fruits (Nectarine, White Peach, Apricot, Cherry), Melon
140
Floral, Botrytis, Slight Herbal/Spice, Other, Earth, Oak, and Bottle Age aromas for Rheingau Spatlese Riesling
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Rheingau Spatlese Riesling
Sulphuric Note (in youth)
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Floral: White Flowers, Wildflowers, Honeysuckle, Jasmine,
Fruit Tree Blossoms
Botrytis: Ginger, Honey, Saffron
Slight Herbal/Spice: Lemongrass
Other: Slight Smoke, Candlewax, Panna Cotta/Meringue, Slight Petrol
Earth: High Minerality, Granite, Slate, Crushed Rock
Oak: None or Large Neutral Cask
Bottle Age Aromas: Honey, Petrol, Paraffin, Herbs (Marjoram, Spearmint)
141
Structure for Rheinghau Spatlese Riesling
Rheinghau Spatlese Riesling
| Structure: Medium Dry to Medium Sweet, Moderate Minus Body, High Acidity, Low Alcohol
142
Visual for Alsace Riesling
Visual: Yellow/Gold with Hints of Green, Moderate Plus Concentration
143
Level of intensity for Alsace Riesling
Alsace Riesling
| High level of aromatic intensity
144
Fruit for Alsace Riesling
Alsace Riesling
Fruit: Ripe and Cooked Tree Fruits (Yellow Apple, Baked Pear, Quince), Citrus (Lemon, Citronella, Grapefruit), Stone Fruit (Yellow Peach, Stewed Apricot), Tropical Fruit (Pineapple), Banana/Banana Peel
145
Floral, Botrytis, Spice, Other, Earth, Oak, and Bottle Age Aromas for Alsace Riesling
Alsace Riesling
Sulphuric Note (in youth)
Floral: White Flowers, Honeysuckle, Jasmine
Botrytis: Ginger, Honey, Saffron
Spice: Cardamom, Anise, Fennel
Other: Smoke, Candlewax, Slight Petrol
Earth: High Minerality, White Mushroom
Oak: None or Large Neutral Cask
Bottle Age Aromas: Honey, Petrol, Paraffin, Marzipan, Browned Toast
146
Structure for Alsace Riesling
Alsace Riesling
| Structure: Dry, Moderate to Moderate Plus Body, High Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol
147
Visual for Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
| Visual: Pale Straw with Hints of Gold and Green, Moderate Concentration
148
Visual for Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
| Visual: Pale Straw with Hints of Gold and Green, Moderate Concentration
149
Aromatic intensity for Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
| High Intensity of aromatic
150
Fruit character of Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Fruit: Ripe Citrus (Lime, Lime Candy, Lemon), Stone Fruit (White Peach, White Nectarine), Tart Tree Fruit (Green Apple), Slight Tropical Fruit (Passion Fruit, Guava)
151
Floral, Other, Oak, and Earth for Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
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Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Sulphuric Note (in youth)
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Floral: White Flowers, Purple Flowers, Linden/Lime
Blossoms, Roses
Other: Slight Spice, Kerosene/Petrol, Margarita Salt, "Fresh Tennis Ball"
Earth: Moderate to Moderate Plus Minerality, Slate, Steely
Oak: None
152
Structure for Clare Valley and Eden Valley Riesling
Structure: Dry, Moderate to Moderate Plus Body, High Acidity, Moderate Alcohol
153
Place of origin for Roussanne
Roussanne
| Place of Origin: Rhône Valley
154
Viticultural characteristics for Roussanne
Roussanne
Viticultural Characteristics: Late-Ripening, Uneven Ripening, Susceptible to Powdery Mildew and Botrytis/Grey Rot, Sensitivity to Wind Damage
155
Preferred soil type for Roussanne
Roussane
| Preferred Soil Type: Moisture-retaining, moderately fertile soils
156
Common blending partners for Roussanne
Roussanne
| Common Blending Partners: Marsanne, Grenache Blanc, Bourboulenc, Clairette Blanc
157
Fruit, Other, Earth, and Oak characteristics for Roussanne.
Roussanne
Fruit: Stone fruit (Pear, apricot), Lemon.
Oxidation notes:
Malolactic notes:
Floral:
Spice:
Other: Herbal tea like aromas,
Earth: Moderate to high Minerality, Granitic/Stony
Oak: Wines are generally fermented in steel tanks, and often bottled directly without barrel contact.
158
Structure for Roussanne
Roussane
| Structure: Moderate Plus to Full body and a oily texture.
159
Viticultural characteristic of Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
| Viticultural Characteristics: Late-Budding, Early-Ripening, Susceptible to Botrytis/Grey Rot and Powdery Mildew
160
Preferred soil type for Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
| Preferred Soil Type: dry and rocky soils, such as chalk or gravel
161
What are the 3 soil types for Sauvignon Blanc in Loire Valley?
Loire Valley: silex, caillottes, terres blanches
162
What is the name of the soil type for Sauvignon Blanc in Graves?
Graves: boulbènes
163
Common Blending partners for Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
| Common Blending Partners: Sémillon, Muscadelle
164
Visual for Sancerre
Sancerre
| Visual: Pale Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Concentration
165
Aromatic intensity for Sancerre
Sancerre
| Moderate to Moderate Plus Intensity of Aromas
166
Fruit character for Sancerre
Sancerre
Fruit: Tart Citrus (Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime), Tart Tree Fruit (Green Apple, Green Pear), Gooseberry, Under-ripe Stone Fruit (White Peach), Slight Tropical Fruit (Kiwi, Passion Fruit)
167
Floral, Herbal/Green/Pyrazine, Earth, and Oak character for Sancerre
Sancerre
Floral: Faint White Flowers, Citrus Blossoms
Herbal/Green/Pyrazine: Cut Grass, Green Bell Pepper, Blackcurrant Bud, Box Tree, Nettles, Tarragon
Earth: High Minerality, Wet Stones, Chalk, Crushed Rocks
Oak: None or Neutral Oak Casks
168
Structure for Sancerre
Sancerre
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Body, High Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
169
Visual for Marlborough for Sauvignon Blanc
Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
| Pale Straw with Hints of Green, Moderate Concentration
170
Level of aromatic intensity for Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
| High level of aromatic intensity
171
Fruit character for Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
| Fruit: Citrus (Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime), Melon, Gooseberry, Tropical Fruit (Passion Fruit, Guava, Pineapple)
172
Floral, Herbal/Green/Pyrazine, Earth, and Oak on Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc.
Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
Floral: Faint White Flowers, Citrus Blossoms
Herbal/Green/Pyrazine: Cut Grass, Asparagus, Canned Pea, Green Bell Pepper, Jalapeño, Blackcurrant Bud, Rhubarb
Earth: Low to Moderate Minerality, Wet Sand, Chalk
Oak: None
173
Structure for Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Body, High Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
174
Visual of Sonoma/Napa Sauvignon Blanc
Sonoma/Napa Sauvignon Blanc
| Visual: Straw with Hints of Green and Gold, Moderate Concentration
175
Aromatic intensity for Sonoma/Napa Sauvignon Blanc
Sonoma/Napa Sauvignon Blanc
| Moderate Plus Intensity, Less Pronounced Varietal Character
176
Fruit character for Sauvignon Blanc from Sonoma/Napa
Sonoma/Napa Sauvignon Blanc
Fruit: Ripe Citrus Fruit (Ruby Red Grapefruit, Lemon, Mandarin Orange, Lime), Tropical Fruit (Passion Fruit, Guava, Kiwi), Ripe Tree and Stone Fruit (Red Apple, White Peach, Nectarine), Melon
177
Herbal/Green/Pryazine, Earth, and Oak for Sauvignon Blanc from Sonoma/Napa
Herbal/Green/Pyrazine: Cut Grass, Celery, Tarragon, Lemongrass
Earth: Low to Moderate Minerality
Oak: None or Low to Moderate Use of New French Oak (Napa examples with new barrique fermentation and aging may take on aromas and flavors similar to Graves Bordeaux Blanc)
178
Structure for Sauvignon Blanc in Sonoma/Napa
Sauvignon Blanc from Sonoma/Napa
Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Plus to High Acidity, Moderate Plus to High Alcohol
179
Visual for Graves Bordeaux Blanc
Graves Bordeaux Blanc
| Visual: Yellow/Pale Gold Color with Hints of Green, Moderate Plus Concentration
180
Aromatic intensity for Graves Bordeaux Blanc
Graves Bordeaux Blanc
| Moderate aromatic intensity
181
Floral, Herbal/Green/Pyrazine, Earth, Other, and Oak character for Graves Bordeaux Blanc.
Graves Bordeaux Blanc
Floral: Honeysuckle, Faint White Flowers
Herbal/Green/Pyrazine: Cut Grass, Celery Seed/Celery
Earth: Gravel, Wet Rocks
Other: Beeswax, Lanolin, Cream Soda, Sunflower Seed
Oak: Moderate to High (50%) Use of New French Oak, Vanilla, Toast
182
Structure for Bordeaux Graves Blanc
Bordeaux Graves Blanc
Structure: Dry, Moderate to Moderate Plus Body, Moderate Plus to High Acidity, Moderate to Moderate Plus Alcohol
183
Place of origin for Semillon
Semillon
| Place of Origin: likely southwestern France
184
Viticultural characteristics of Semillon
Semillon
| Viticultural Characteristics: Thin-Skinned, Early-Ripening, Susceptible to Botrytis/Grey Rot
185
Preferred soils for Semillon
Semillon
| Preferred Soil Type: gravel and clay-limestone
186
Common blending partners for Semillon
Semillon
| Common Blending Partners: Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle, Chardonnay
187
Visual for Hunter Semillon
Hunter Semillon
| Visual: Straw/Green, Medium Minus Concentration
188
How is classic Hunter Semillon vinified?
The classic style of Hunter Semillon is fermented in stainless steel and bottle-aged for several years prior to release
189
Aromatic intensity for Hunter Semillon
Hunter Semillon
| Moderate Plus aromatic intensity
190
Fruit character for Hunter Semillon
Hunter Semillon
| Fruit: Citrus (Lemon, Lemon Marmalade), Tart Tree Fruit (Green Apple, Green Fig)
191
Floral, Herbal, Bottle Age Aromas, Other, Earth, and Oak characteristics for Hunter Semillon
Hunter Semillon
Floral: Honeysuckle, Lemon Blossoms
Herbal: Slight Grassy, Savory Herb, Hay
Bottle Age Aromas: Honey, Browned Toast, Crème Brûlée, Umami
Other: Waxy, Candlewax/Panna Cotta
Earth: Strong Stony Minerality
Oak: None
192
Structure of Hunter Semillon
Hunter Semillon
| Structure: Dry, Moderate Minus Body, High Acidity, Diminished Alcohol
193
How is Sauternes/Barsac typically harvested and vinified?
Botrytis-affected grapes hand-harvested through several tries at 35-40° Brix, 18-36 months barrel aging after fermentation is common, 80-100% Sémillon.
194
Visual for Sauternes/Barsac
Sauternes/Barsac
| Gold, High Concentration
195
Aromatic intensity for Sauternes/Barsac
Sauternes/Barsac
| High aromatic intensity
196
Fruit condition for Sauternes/Barsac
Sauternes/Barsac
Fruit: Stewed/Cooked Tree Fruit (Apple, Quince), Cooked Peach, Dried Apricot, Fig/Fruitcake, Sweet Citrus (Orange, Tangerine, Lemon Marmalade), Ripe Melon, Tropical Fruit (Pineapple)
197
Floral, Spice, and Herbal characteristics for Sauternes/Barsac.
Sauternes/Barsac
Floral: Honeysuckle, Orange Blossom
Spice: Cinnamon, Clove, Mace, Nutmeg, Vanilla Pod
Herbal: Sweet Hay, Dried Grass, Savory Herbs
198
Botrytis, Oxidation, Earth, and Oak characteristics for Sauternes/Barsac.
Sauternes/Barsac
Botrytis: Honey, Gingerbread/Ginger, Saffron, Candied Pineapple/Dried Apricot
Oxidation: Blanched Nuts, Hazelnut, Almond
Earth: Moderate to High Minerality, Mushroom/Truffle Notes
Oak: Moderate to High Use of New French Oak, Toast, Smoke, Caramel/Crème Brûlée, Vanilla, Coconut, Baking Spices
199
Structure for Sauternes/Barsac
Sauternes/Barsac
| Structure: Sweet (approx. 85-150 g/l residual sugar), Full Body, Elevated Acidity, Moderate to Elevated Alcohol
200
Grape parentage for Torrontes
Torrontes
| Grape Parentage: Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
201
Place of Origin for Torrontes
Torrontes
| Place of Origin: Argentina
202
Viticultural characteristics for Torrontes
Torrontes
| Viticultural Characteristics: Thick-Skinned, High-Yielding
203
Preferred soil type for Torrontes
Torrontes
| Preferred Soil Type: Sand
204
Visual for Torrontes
Salta Torrontés
| Visual: Yellow with Hints of Green, Moderate Plus Concentration
205
Aromatic intensity for Torrontes
Torrontes
| High level of aromatic intensity
206
Fruit character for Torrontes
Torrontes
Fruit: Synthetic Grape, Tropical Fruit (Pineapple, Guava, Papaya), Ripe Citrus (Orange, Meyer Lemon), Ripe Stone Fruit (Peach), Melon
207
Floral, Other, Earth, and Oak characteristics for Torrontes.
Torrontes
Floral: Highly Floral/Perfumed, Orange Blossoms, Roses, Jasmine, Geraniums
Other: Hand Lotion/Soapy, Potpourri, Slight Musk Spice
Earth: Low to Moderate Minerality
Oak: None
208
Structure for Torrontes
Torrontes
Structure: Dry, Moderate Plus Body, Moderate to Elevated Acidity, Elevated Alcohol, Possible Phenolic Bitterness
209
Place of origin for Viognier
Viognier
| Place of Origin: Dalmatia (unconfirmed)
210
Origin of grape name for Viognier
Origin of Grape Name: "Viognier" may refer to the Vienne in the Northern Rhône
211
Burgundy: Chaudenet Gras (Côte Chalonnaise), Giboudot Blanc (Rully), Griset Blanc (Beaune), Plant Gris (Meursault), Troyen Blanc (Yonne)
What is this grape?
Viognier
212
Other France: Bergeron, Barbin, Rebelot, Greffou, Picotin Blanc, Vionnier, Petiti Vionnier, Viogné, Galopine
What is this grape?
Viognier
213
Viticultural characteristics of Viognier
Viognier
Viticultural Characteristics: Early-Ripening, Low-Yielding, Poor Fruit Set and Uneven Ripening, Susceptible to Powdery Mildew, Resistance to Botrytis/Grey Rot, Drought-Resistant
214
Preferred soil types for Viognier
Viognier
| Preferred Soil Type: light, sandy topsoils
215
Classic soil type in Condrieu for Viognier
Viognier
Associated "Classic" Soil Types:
Condrieu: arzelle (mica-rich deep sand laid over granite bedrock)
216
Common Blending partners for Viognier
Viognier
| Common Blending Partners: Syrah, Roussanne, Marsanne, Bourboulenc, Grenache Blanc
217
Visual of Viognier from Condrieu
Viognier from Condrieu
| Visual: Yellow/Pale Gold Color, Moderate Plus Concentration
218
Aromatic intensity for Viognier from Condrieu
Viognier from Condrieu
| High aromatic intensity
219
Fruit character of Viognier from Condrieu
Viognier from Condrieu
Fruit: Ripe/Lush Stone Fruit (Apricot, Peach, Peach Pit), Ripe Citrus (Mandarin Orange, Ruby Red Grapefruit), Tropical Fruit (Mango, Persimmon), Fruit Cocktail
220
Floral, Spice, Malolactic Fermentation, Earth, and Oak in Viognier from Condrieu
Viognier from Condrieu
Floral: Honeysuckle, Jasmine, Orange Blossoms, Rose
Spice: Cinnamon, Musk, Potpourri, Candied Citrus Peel, Anise, Gingerbread
Malolactic Fermentation (not always present): Crème Fraiche, Yogurt, Butter
Earth: Moderate to Moderate Plus Minerality, Stone/Granite
Oak: None, Neutral Oak, or Low to Moderate (approx. 30%) Use of New French Oak
221
Structure of Viognier from the Condrieu
Viognier from Condrieu
Structure: Dry (may have slight residual sugar), Moderate Plus to Full Body, Diminished to Moderate Acidity, Elevated Alcohol, Phenolic Bitterness
222
Visual on California Viognier
California Viognier
| Visual: Yellow/Pale Gold Color, Moderate Plus to High Concentration
223
Aromatic intensity on California Viognier
California Viognier
| Aromatic intensity is High
224
Fruit character for California Viognier
California Viognier
Fruit: Ripe Stone Fruit (Apricot, Peach), Ripe Citrus (Mandarin Orange, Ruby Red Grapefruit, Tangerine), Ripe Tropical Fruit (Pineapple, Mango), Fruit Cocktail
225
Floral, Spice, Malolactic Fermentation, Earth, Other, and Oak for California Viognier.
California Viognier
Floral: Honeysuckle, Rose
Spice: Potpourri, Sweet Spices, Vanilla, Cardamom, Gingerbread
Malolactic Fermentation (not always present): Crème Fraiche, Yogurt, Butter
Earth: Low to Moderate Minerality
Other: Oily, Sweetened Cereal Grains ("Fruit Loops")
Oak: None, Neutral Oak, or Low to Moderate (approx. 30%) Use of New French Oak
226
Structure on California Viognier
California Viognier
| Structure: Dry to Off Dry, Full Body, Diminished Acidity, Elevated to High Alcohol, Phenolic Bitterness
