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Oral Path Midterms > White Lesions > Flashcards

White Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Common oral mucosa condition of unknown cause

A

Leukoedema

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2
Q

Occurs more commonly in black than in whites - ethnic predisposition

A

Leukoedema

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3
Q

Characterized by a diffuse, gray-white, milky, opalescent appearance of the mucosa

A

Leukoedema

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4
Q

Surface frequently appears folded, resulting in wrinkles or whitish streaks

A

Leukoedema

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5
Q

Occurs bilaterally on the buccal mucosa and may extend forward onto the labial mucosa

A

Leukoedema

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6
Q

White appearance greatly diminishes or disappears when the cheeks is everted and stretched

A

Leukoedema

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7
Q

Treatment for leukoedema

A

None

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8
Q

An autosomal dominant inherited condition where there is a point mutation for genes coding for keratin 4 and / or 13

A

White sponge nevus

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9
Q

Cannon’s disease

A

White sponge nevus

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10
Q

Asymptomatic, folded, white lesions may affect several mucosal sites

A

White sponge nevus

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11
Q

Symmetrical, thickened, white, corrugated or velvety, diffuse plaques affect the buccal mucosa bilaterally

A

White sponge nevus

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12
Q

Usually appears at birth or in early childhood, typically before puberty

A

White sponge nevus

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13
Q

Treatment for white sponge nevus

A

None

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14
Q

A rare Autosomal dominant inherited condition primarily affect descendants of a triracial isolate or people who originally lived in north Carolina

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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15
Q

Usually develop during childhood, in most instances affecting the oral and conjunctival mucosa

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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16
Q

Oral lesions consists of soft, asymptmatic, white folds and plaques of spongy mucosa

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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17
Q

Areas involved buccal and labial mucosa and the labial commissures, as well as the floor of the mouth and lateral surfaces of the tongue, gingiva, and palate

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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18
Q

Most interesting feature of hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

A

Ocular lesions

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19
Q

Appears as thick, opaque,gelatinous plaques affecting the bulbar conjunctiva adjacent to the cornea and sometimes involving the cornea itself

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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20
Q

May experience photophobia

A

HBID

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21
Q

Ocular lesion vary seasonally, with spontaneous shedding of conjunctival plaques

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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22
Q

Blindness may sometimes result from the induction of vascularity of the cornea secondary to the shedding process

A

HBID

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23
Q

Treatment for HBID

A

Oral lesion - none
Ocular lesion - refer to ophthalmologist ( plaques thatt obscure must be surgically excised )

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24
Q

Witkop’s disease, witkop-von sallmann syndrome

A

Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis

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25
Q

Darier’s disease, darier-white disease

A

Follicular keratosis

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26
Q

Autosomal dominant disorder result in desmosomal defects and dysfunction by way of altered epithelial cell adhesion

A

Follicular keratosis

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27
Q

Gene Mutation of follicular keratosis

A

ATP2A2 on chromosome 12q23-24,

( a gene that encodes the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-adenosine triphosphate (Ca21-ATPase) isoform2 )

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28
Q

Numerous erythematous, often pruritic, papules on the skin of the trunk and the scalp that develop during the first or second decade of life

A

Follicular keratosis

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29
Q

Accumulation of keratin, producing a rough texture, may be seen in association with the lesions, and a foul odor may be present as a result of bacterial degredation of the keratin

A

Follicular keratosis

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30
Q

Sensitivity in patients who have follicular keratosis will result in sweating because of increased heat, which can induce more?

A

Epithelial clefting

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31
Q

Palms and soles often exhibit pits and keartoses

A

Follicular keratosis

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32
Q

Nails show longitudinal lines, ridges, or painful splits

A

Follicular keratosis

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33
Q

Multiple, normal-colored or white, flat-topped papules that, if numerous enough to be confluent, result in a cobblestone mucosal appearance

A

Follicular keratosis

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34
Q

Treatment of follicular keratosis

A

Topical corticosteroids and vitamin A

In photosensitive patients - sunscreen, minimize exposure to hot environments

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35
Q

Chronic rubbing or friction against an oral mucosal surface

A

Focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis

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36
Q

Edentulous ridges and vestibules for denture wearers

A

Focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis

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37
Q

Common site of frictional hyperkeratosis

A

Buccal
Lips
Lateral tongue

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38
Q

Hyperkeratosis results in opacification of traumatized area

It is without dysplastic change

A

Focal (frictional) hyperkeratosis

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39
Q

Treatment of frictional hyperkeratosis

A

Control of habit results in clinical improvement

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40
Q

Direct contact of mucosa with smokless tobacco and contaminants

A

White lesion associated with smokeless tobacco

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41
Q

Most commonly seen in the mandibular vestibular mucosa surrounding tobacco

What is it called

A

Snuff dipper’s pouch

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42
Q

Asymptomatic white lesion in mucosa where tobacco is held

Damage seen in adjacent teeth and periodontum

A

WL associated with smokeless tobacco

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43
Q

Common tobacco related form of keratosis

A

Nicotine stomatitis

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44
Q

Opacification of the palate caused by heat and carcinogens

A

Nicotine stomatitis

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45
Q

Most severe changes seen in patients who “reverse smoke”

A

Nicotine stomatitis

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46
Q

Generalized white changes (hyperkeratosis) seen in hard palate

A

Nicotine stomatitis

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47
Q

Red dots in palate represents inflamed salivary duct orifices

A

Nicotine stomatitis

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48
Q

Treatment of nicotine stomatitis

A

Discontinue tobacco habit

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49
Q

Associated with local or systemic immunosuppression (AIDS, organ transplantation)

A

Hairy leukoplakia

50
Q

Opportunistic infection f hairy leukoplakia

A

Epstein barr virus

51
Q

Usually indicates significant underlying immunosuppression

A

Hairy leukoplakia

52
Q

Hairy leukoplakia may be secondarily infected by ?

A

Candida albicans

53
Q

Treatment for hairy leukoplakia

A

None
Antivital and antiretroviral regresses the lesion

54
Q

Condition of filiform papillary overgrowth

A

Hairy tongue

55
Q

Believed to be related to alterations in oral flora

A

Hairy tongue

56
Q

Initiating factors of hairy tongue

A

Use of broad spectrum antibiotics
Systemic corticosteroids
Hydrogen peroxide

Intense smoking

Head and neck therapeutic radiation

57
Q

Dense hair-like mat formed by hyperplastic papillae on the dorsal tongue surface

Can contribute to bad breath

A

Hairy tongue

58
Q

Treatment of hairy tongue

A

Removal of causative agent and improved oral hygiene

59
Q

Often result from ingestion of hot foods or liquids

A

Thermal burns

60
Q

Treatment of thermmal burn

A

Resolve without treatment within 1-2 weeks

61
Q

Common site of thermal burns

A

Anterior tongue, palate, posterior buccal mucosa

62
Q

Caused by exposure t various types of chemical substances - topical anesthesia, aspirin, dentirifice, mouthwash, hydrogen peroxide

A

Chemical burns

63
Q

Iatrogenic cause of chemical burn

A

Mishandling of dental instruments and materials

64
Q

Overexposure of UV light

Represents a premalignant lesion

A

Actinic cheilitis and actinic keratosis

65
Q

Atrophic, finely wrinkled and often swollen appearance of lip

Possible presence of white and/or pigmented foci

A

Actinic cheilitis

66
Q

Poorly defined vermilion-skin junction

Possible chronic ulceration in more severely damaged lips

A

Actinic cheilitis

67
Q

Treatment of actinic cheilits and actinic keratosis

A

Avoid direct sunlight

Use sunscreen

Biopsy of persistent ulcers and indurated lesions

Surgery needed in problematic cases

68
Q

Condition typically involes the skin of sun exposed areas

Which

Shows irregular macules or plaques with rought, scaly surfaces

A

Actinic keratosis

69
Q

“Sandpaper-like” texture is readily evident upon palpation

A

Actinic keratosis

70
Q

White path or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically o pathological as any other disorder; it carries an increased risk of cancer development either in or close to the area or elsewhere in the oral cavity or the head and neck region

A

Idiopathic leukoplakia

71
Q

Irreversile, non-scrapable and slightly raised white plaque that may have a wrinkled, leathery to “dry or cracked-mud” appearance

A

Idiopathic leukoplakia

72
Q

Type of idiopathic leukoplakia

Regular, smooht whitish surface and well defined margins

A

Homogenous type

73
Q

Type of IL

Conists of an erythematous part or a nodular, erosive, ulcerated or verrucous exophytic component

A

Non-homogenous IL

74
Q

IL that is lesion is predominantly white

IL that is elevated, proliferative or corrugated surface

IL that is small polypoid enlargements or rounded mostly white excresences

A
  1. Speckled type
  2. Verrucous leukoplakia
  3. Granular or nodular type
75
Q

A type of IL that is characterized by the development of multiple, slowly spreading, keratotic plaques, with rough surface projections

A

Proliferative verruous leukoplakia

76
Q

Erythema migrans benign migratory glossitis

A

Geographic tongue

77
Q

Incidental finding

Common inflammatory condition

Appears as red atrophic patches surrounded by hyperkeratotic margins

A

Geographic tongue

78
Q

Where does geographic tongue usally located at

A

Dorsum and lateral surface of tongue

79
Q

Pattern change with time (migratory glossitis)

A

Geographic tongue

80
Q

Geographic tongue is often seen in company with?

A

Fissured tongue

81
Q

Treatment of geographic otngue

A

None

When painful, baking soda rinses, antifungals, or topical corticosteroid

82
Q

Chronic mucocutaneous disease of unknown cause

A

Lichen planus

83
Q

Generally considered to be immunological mediated process taht microscopically resembles a hypersensitivity reaction

A

Lichen planus

84
Q

White keratoic striae characteristic

A

Lichen planus

85
Q

Types of lichen planus

A

Reticular form
Erosive form
Atrophic form
Plaque form
Papular form

86
Q

A type of lichen planus that has a slight increase possible risk of carcinoma

A

Erosive form of lichen planus

87
Q

Wickham’s striae is commonly seen in?

A

Lichen planus - reticular form

88
Q

Tends to resemble leukoplakia clinically

A

Lichen planus - plaque form

89
Q

Appears as red patches with very fine wite striae

May complain of burning, sensitivity and generalized discomfort

A

Lichen planus - atrophic form

90
Q

Central area of lesin is ulcerated

Shows keratotic striae peripheral to the site of erosion, along with erythema

A

Lichen planus - erosive form

91
Q

Autoimmune disease involving both humoral and cell-mediated arms of the immune system

A

Lupus erythematosus

92
Q

A type of LE that commonly appear on the skin, commonly on the face and scalp

Oral and vermillion lesions are seen - usually in the company of cutaneous lesions

Lesion appears as DISC-SHAPED erythematus plaques with hyperpigmented margins on the skin

A

Discoid lupus erythematosus

93
Q

As the lesion expands peripherally, the center heals, and formation of scar and loss of pigment

A

Discoid lupus erythematosus

94
Q

Skin results in an erythematous rash, classically seen over molar processes and the bridge of the nose

Butterfly rash

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

95
Q

Treatment for lupus erythematosus

A

DLE - topical corticosteroids

SLE - systemic steroids

Antimalarials and NSAID may help control this disease

96
Q

Common opportunistic oral mycotic infection

A

Candidiasis

97
Q

Most common oral fungal infection in humans

A

Candidiasis

98
Q

Candidiasis is caused by ___

A

Candida albicans

99
Q

Most common clinical type of candidiasis

A

Acute psedomembranous form (aka thrush)

100
Q

Soft plaques that sometimes grow centrifugally and merge.

Plaque is composed of fungal organisms, keratotic debris, inflammatory cells, desquamated epithelial cells, bacteria, and fibrin

Favored site include the buccal mucosa and mucobuccal folds, oropharynx, and lateral aspect of tongue

Creamy0white plaques removable; burning sensation foul taste

A

Acute pseudomembranous form ( thrush )

101
Q

Commonly seen in geriatric individuals who wear complete maxillary dentures

Bright red, velvety to pebble surface, with little keratinization

Rd, asymptomatic

A

Chronic erythematous candidiasis

Denture stomatitis

102
Q

This condition is prevalent in individuals who have deep folds at the commissures as a result of mandibular overclosure

Red, fissured lesions, irritated, raw feeling

Angle of mouth

A

Angular cheilitis

103
Q

Red macules, burning sensation

Dorsum of tongue, posterior hard palate

A

Erythematous oral candidiasis

104
Q

Red atrophic mucosal areas; asymptomatic

Midline posterior dorsal tongue

Has an oval or rhomboid outline with a paramediandistribution

A

Central papillary atrophy ( median rhomboid glossitis )

105
Q

Treatment of oral candidiasis
topical and systemic

A

Topical - nystatin
Systemic - fluconazole, ketoconazole ( cant be use to patients with xerostomia kay naay sugar)

106
Q

Chronic, precancerous and often debilitating condition

A

Oral submucous fibrosis

107
Q

General nutritional or vitamin deficiencies and hypersensitivity to various dietary constituents

A

Oral submucous fibrosis

108
Q

Chief complain of oral submucous fibrosis

A

Trismus - inability to open the mouth
Stomatopyrosis - intolerance to spicy food

109
Q

Vesicles, petechiae, melanosis, xerostomia and stomatopyrosis is the first sign and symptom?

A

Oral submucous fibrosis

110
Q

Sebaceous glands that occur on the oral mucosa

Appear as multiple yellow or yellow-white papules

Common in buccal mucosa and the lateral portion of the vermillion of the upper lip

A

Fordyce’s granules

111
Q

Arise from dental lamina remnants (rests of serres)

A

Gingival cyst

112
Q

Soft tissue counterpart of lateral periodontal cyst

A

Gingival cyst

113
Q

Gingival cyst of newborn
1
2

A

Epstein’s pearls - midline of the palate
Bohn nodule - laterally on the hard and soft palate

114
Q

Gingival cyst treatment
Newborn
Adult

A

Newborn - none
Adult - surgical excision

115
Q

Mass of subacutely inflamed granulation tissue at the sinus tract

“Gum boil”

A

Parulis

116
Q

Mass of granulation tissue at the gingiva/alveolar mucosa at the opening of a sinus tract

A

Parulis

117
Q

Cause of parulis

A

Odontogenic or periodontal infection

118
Q

Benign tumor of fat

A

Lipoma

119
Q

Cells of lipoma

A

Adipose cells

120
Q

Most common true neoplasm o mesenchymal origin
Common location are buccal mucosa, tongue and floor of the mouth

A

Lipoma

121
Q

Usually soft, smooth-surfaced nodular masses that can be sessile or pedunculated

Asymptomatic

A

Lipoma

122
Q

Treatment of lipoma

A

Conservative Local excision

Oral Path Midterms (4 decks)

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