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Topics in Medical Biosciences > White Blood Cells > Flashcards

White Blood Cells Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

How to white blood cells maintain themselves?

A

Stem cell can either renew or diversify (proliferation), generating cells that we need.

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2
Q

What type of cells become more and more restricted in what they can do whilst being developed into a leucocyte?

A

Progenitors

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3
Q

What are the 5 main types of leucocytes?

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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4
Q

What is Haemopoiesis?

A

Production of blood cells and platelets, which occurs in the bone marrow.

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5
Q

Which single cell do spleen cell colonies come from?

A

Colony Forming Unit-Spleen (CFU-s)

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6
Q

What is the precursor for monocytes called?

A

Monoblasts

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7
Q

What is the precursor for neutrophils called?

A

Myeloblasts

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8
Q

What is the precursor for basophils called?

A

Myeloblasts

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9
Q

What is the precursor for eosinophil called?

A

Myeloblasts

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10
Q

What is the precursor for lymphocytes called?

A

Lymphoblasts

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11
Q

What do Neutrophils do?

A
  • part of the body’s non-specific/ innate defences
  • first white blood cells to arrive at a site of injury
  • specialised in phagocytosing bacteria marked with antibodies
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12
Q

What is the life span of neutrophils?

A

10 hours in the blood or 30 minutes phagocytosing

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13
Q

What do dead neutrophils form?

A

Pus

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14
Q

What do Eosinophils do?

A
  • part of the body’s non-specific/ innate defences
  • attracted to site of injury
  • attack objects coated with antibodies by exocytosis of toxic compounds
  • modulate allergic inflammation
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15
Q

What are eosinophils specialised in attacking?

A

Multicellular parasites

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16
Q

What is the life span of Eosinophils?

A

10 hours in the blood or 30 minutes phagocytosing

17
Q

What do Basophils do?

A
  • part of the body’s non-specific/ innate defences
  • attracted to site of injury
    promote inflammation by releasing histamine to dilate blood vessels and other chemicals to attract other white blood cells
18
Q

What is the nucleus of neutrophil like?

A

2-5 lobed nucleus

19
Q

Are neutrophils easy to stain? and why?

A

no they are difficult to stain because the cytoplasmic granules are neutral so cannot stain easily with acidic or alkaline dyes

20
Q

What is the nucleus of an eosinophil like?

A

2 lobed nucleus

21
Q

Are eosinophils easy to stain?

A

yes, they stain strongly with red dye eosin

22
Q

What is the nucleus of a basophil like?

A

2 lobed nucleus

23
Q

Are basophils easy to stain?

A

yes, they stain strongly with basic dyes

24
Q

What do monocytes do?

A
  • part of the body’s non-specific/ innate defences

- become phagocytic macrophages at the site of injury - engulfing pathogens and debris

25
Q

What is the life span of Monocytes?

A

1-2 days in the blood, months as macrophages

26
Q

What is the nucleus of a monocyte like?

A

kidney bean shaped nucleus

27
Q

Are monocytes easy to stain?

A

Their cytoplasmic granules are small and difficult to see so no

28
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A
  • part of the body’s specific immunity

- continuously migrate from blood stream, through peripheral tissues and back to blood stream

29
Q

What is the life span of Lymphocytes?

A

Can live for decades

30
Q

What is the nucleus of a lymphocyte like?

A

Round nucleus surrounded by a thin halo of cytoplasm

31
Q

Are lymphocytes easy to stain?

A

Their cytoplasmic granules are small and difficult to see so no

32
Q

What are T-cells responsible for?

A

Cell mediated immunity - either attack abnormal cells (e.g. virally-infected) or control activity of other lymphocytes

33
Q

What are B-cells responsible for?

A

Humoral immunity - produce antibodies

34
Q

What are Natural killer (NK) cells responsible for?

A

Immune surveillance and attack abnormal cells (e.g. cancer cells)

Topics in Medical Biosciences (12 decks)

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