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Pathoma > White Blood Cell Disorders > Flashcards

White Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Neutropenia?

A

Drug Toxicity

Infection

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2
Q

Causes of Lymphopenia

A

Immunodeficiency: DiGeorge
High Cortisol State: cortisol induce apoptosis in lymphocytes, Cushings
Autoimmune destruction: Lupus
Whole Body Radiation

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3
Q

Neutrophilic Leukocytosis causes (high levels of circulating leukocytes)

A

Bacterial Infection
Tissue Necrosis
High Cortisol State

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4
Q

HY Left shift indicates immature neutrophils. The cells have decreased ____Receptors

A

Fc

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5
Q

HYWhat is the marker that is decreased for the left shift immature neutrophils

A

CD16HY

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6
Q

why does cortisol cause neutrophilic leukocytosis?

A

cortisol disrupts adhesion of marginated neutrophils and the neutrophils fall into the blood stream

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7
Q

Monocytosis (increasing the WBC)

A

chronic inflammatory states

malignancy

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8
Q

Eosinophilia causes and the important HY association

A

Allergic Reactions and Parasitic Infection

HY Hodgkin Lymphoma via increased IL-5 prodn

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9
Q

cytokine responsible for eosinophilia in Hodgkin Lymphoma is

A

IL-5 secreted by Th2 cells

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10
Q

Basophilia is HY classically associated with

A

Chronic myeloid Leukemia

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11
Q

Lymphocytic Leukocytosis seen in viral infections because

A

Viral infections are fought by CD8 cells which recruit lymphocytes?

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12
Q

HYBordetella pertussis can cause what sort of Leukocytosis (we’d expect to see neutrophils but we see…)

A

Lymphocytic leukocytosis because of the Lymphocytosis Promoting Factor which blocks lymphocytes from leaving the blood and entering the lymph node

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13
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis causes Lymphocytic leukocytosis comprised of reactive CD8 cells. Which virus is more common?

A

EBV more common

CMV less common

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14
Q

Where does EBV of infectious mononucleosis typically infect?

A

Oropharynx
Liver
B Cells

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15
Q

HYCD8 T cell response will result in Lymphadenopathy w/ what area of the lymph node being enlarged?

A

Hyperplasia of the paracortex

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16
Q

Why is splenomegaly seen in CD8 T-cell response (seen in for example infectious mononucleosis?

A

T cell area (the periarterial lymphatic sheath PALS)

17
Q

Atypical lymphocytes seen in infectious mononucleosis. What does the monospot test detect?

A

IgM heterophile antibodies

18
Q

What drug would precipitate a rash in someone infected with infectious mononucleosis?

A

Penicillin

19
Q

*HY** Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (both T and B) will have positive nuclear staining for what DNA polymerase?

A

TdT

20
Q

Acute Lymphoid Leukemia is associated with what syndrome after the age of 5

A

Down Syndrome

21
Q

Cell surface markers of B-Acute Lymphoid Leukemia?

A

CD10, CD19, CD20

22
Q

B-ALL has excellent response to chemo but needs prophylaxis to what 2 areas?

A

Scrotum and CSF

23
Q

Good and Bad prognosis of B-ALL translocations

A

t(12;21) good prognosis seen in kids

t(9;22) poor prognosis commonly seen in Adults (also the translocation for CML)

24
Q

T-ALL presents as a mass where?

A

Thymic mediastinal mass

25
Q

Mediastinal mass in teenager could be?

A

Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

26
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia classically presents with what histological findings?

A

Auer rods in the cytoplasm (aggregate of Myeloperoxidase)

punched out nucleus

27
Q

Classic translocation seen in Acute promyelocytic Leukemia?

A

t(15;17) which disrupts Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha

28
Q

Acute monocytic Leukemia is a proliferation of monoblasts that characteristically infiltrate the

A

Gums

29
Q

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia lacks MPO and is associated with Down Syndrome before age of 5 unlike _______ which is associated after the age of 5

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

30
Q

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia tend to develop what type of syndrome?

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

31
Q

Hematopoeitic stem cell surface marker

A

CD34+

32
Q

HYChronic lymphocytic leukemia coexpress what cell surface markers?

A

CD5 and CD20

33
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the neoplastic proliferation of which cells and you see what histologically??

A

Naive B-cells

Smudge cells

34
Q

When Chronic lymphocytic leukemia go in to the lymph nodes, this is called

A

small lymphocytic lymphoma

35
Q

Infection is a common cause of death in patients with Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia because a complication is _________ as the naive B cells that lack capability of great Igs crowd out the functioning B cells.

A

Hypogammaglobulinemia

36
Q

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia create naive B cells that don’t produce many antibodies, but when they do create antibodies it attacks the

A

Red blood cells (autoimmune hemolytic anemia)

37
Q

Unlike Chronic lymphocytic leukemia which is a proliferation of naive B cells, which leukemia is a proliferation of mature B cells and are positive for Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia (have hairy processes)

do a TRAP stain

38
Q

Clinical features of Hairy cell leukemia

A

Splenomegaly (due to expansion of the red pulp)HY
Usually no Lymphadenopathy
Dry Tap w/ bone marrow aspiration

39
Q

Adult T cell Lymphoma presents in a similar way to Multiple Myeloma in that there are lytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia. How does ATCL present though that can clue you into that dx

A

presents with a rash

caused by HTLV which is associated with IV drug use

affects people in Japan and Caribbean

Pathoma (2 decks)

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