whipworms & capillaria

Question 1

trichuris vulpis morphology

Answer 1

canine whipworm
small worm w whip like end
females always larger!
tiny buccal capsule w long esophagus (2/3 body length)

Question 2

trichuris vulpis life cycle

Answer 2

direct life cycle
eggs passed unembryonated
infective larvae develop in egg (approx 3 weeks)
eggs ingested
larvae hatch & develop beneath intestinal lining, migrate to L.I
adults found in lower bowel and cecum approx 3 months
–INFECTION ONLY BY INGESTING LARVATED EGGS

Question 3

trichuris vulpis clinical presentation

Answer 3

dysorexia, weakness and weight loss
intermittent vomitting, diarrhea
fluid brown diarrhea w/ mucous (hyperinfection!!)

Question 4

trichuris vulpis disease associated with

Answer 4

large #’s worms acquired from hyper contaminated location
places that allow accumulation eggs (kennels, dog runs)

Question 5

trichuris vulpis pathophysiology

Answer 5

associated w burrowing into intestinal epithelium
-cellular inflammation, edema, fibrosis in the colon
-fluid secretion and decreased absorption
-small blood loss @ attachment site
electrolyte imbalances -> decreased sodium/ potassium ratio

Question 6

trichuris vulpis diagnosis

Answer 6

fecal flotation
-large eggs w polar plugs

Question 7

trichuris vulpis treatment & control

Answer 7

FBZ
febantel
milbemycine
moxidectin

Question 8

trichuris vulpis prevention

Answer 8

reduce exposure to hazardous environmental contamination
-remove feces daily/ move dog run
monthly suppressive treatment to reduce environmental contamination
limit exposure at pet parks

Question 9

capillaria spp. morphology

Answer 9

small worms w whip like anterior
-smaller than trichuris

Question 10

capillaria spp. lifecycle

Answer 10

parasites of all classes of vertebrates
lifecycle highly variable
-simple direct
-facultative indirect w paratenic host
-obligate indirect e intermediate host

Question 11

capillaria spp. clinical importance

Answer 11

eggs resemble trichuris
-smaller
-polar plugs offset
-smooth surface
significant in poultry
2 species w/ zoonotic signifigance

Question 12

trichinella spp morphology

Answer 12

small worms, females larger
tiny buccal capsule w logn esophagus equal to rest of body

Question 13

trichinella spp biology

Answer 13

direct life cycle
small intestine of wide variety of mammals
infective larvae encyst in tissue of definitive host
larvae rapidly develop into adults, mate within 2 days
transmission by ingestion of encysted larvae

Question 14

trichinella spp clinical importance

Answer 14

zoonotic disease of humans
associated w ingestion of pork from infected swine
decrease risk w total confinement based production