WHII.6d, 7, 8 Test Review Flashcards
What made up the first estate?
Clergies
What event sparked the beginning of the French Revolution?
-Storming of the Bastille
What was the French Revolution fueled by?
Ideals of Enlightenment
Which social classes had most of the power in France prior to the Revolution?
The first and second estates.
What made up the third estate?
95% of the middle class
List four causes of the French Revolution:
- Spread of enlightenment ideas
- Huge government debt/ weak economy
- Influence of American Revolution
- Formation of National Assembly
The French Revolution led to the rise of which leader?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What was the Reign of Terror? Who was this led by?
Period Of the Revolution from September 1793- 28 July 1794 when those who resisted the French Revolution were arrested and executed.
Led by Committee of Public Safety
Which French King was executed during the French Revolution?
Louis XVI (16th)
What was the major lasting legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte in France?
Napoleonic Code
List four characteristics of the Latin American colonial system:
- Colonial government imitated styles of government from mother country.
- Catholicism
- Mining of precious metals for trade
- Major cities were established as outpost.
Which Revolutionary leader helped to liberate northern Latin America, including Venezuela, Columbia, and Bolivia?
Simón Bolívar
When did each of the following gain their independence:
- France
- Haiti
- Mexico
- Brazil
- France: 1789
- Haiti: 1791 to 1804 (slave revolt)
- Mexico: 1821
- Brazil: 1822
Which group of people would be at the top of the social class pyramid in Latin American Colonies?
Viceroys
From which European nation did Haiti gain independence?
France
The revolutions in which two nations helped influence those of Haiti and other Latin American countries?
French and American
Which revolutionary leader helped to bring out independence for Mexico from Spain?
Miguel Hidalgo
Wat former slave that led the rebellion in Haiti?
Toussant L’ouverture (he’s a mulatto)
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
The purpose of the Monroe Doctrine was to discourage European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.
No colonizing in Americas
List three major accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna:
- Establish a balance of power doctrine
- Restoring the monarchies that were removed by Napoleon
- Creating a new political map of Europe to maintain balance
During the 19th century liberals typically wanted governments to be based on what?
- Elected parliament, spoke out against divine right
- Written constitution
During the 19th century, conservatives typically wanted what type of governments?
Wanted to keep the traditional monarchies of Europe.
The unsuccessful revolutions increased what sentiment among the various peoples of Europe?
Nationalism
Which European nation expanded political rights through legislative means rather than revolution and was the first to abolish the slave trade?
England (Great Britain)
Who helped unify Italy by joining southern Italy with northern Italy?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Which area, (including Rome) was the last to unify with Italy?
Papal States
Which war helped unify Germany as a nation state?
Franco-Prussian War
Which German leader believed in realpolitik, and would have been most likely to make the following statement:
“The great questions of the day will not be settled by means of speeches & majority decisions, but by blood & iron.”
Otto Von Bismark
Define REALPOLITIK.
Realistic politics based on the need of the state & justifies any means to achieve & hold power.
Which Enlightenment thinker wrote Leviathan, and would have been most likely to make the following statement:
“Life in the ‘state of nature’- without laws or other control- is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
Thomas Hobbs
Which Enlightenment thinker believed in the idea of separation of powers? What book did he write?
Baron de Montesque, “Spirit of Laws”
Describe the French economy at the start of the Revolution:
- Deepening financial crisis
- Verge of bankruptcy
What made up the second estate?
Nobels
Match the capital with the country:
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Cuba
- Peru
- Argentena
- Brazil~ São Paulo
- Mexico~ México City
- Cuba~ Havana
- Perú~ Lima
- Argentina~ Buenos Aires
The French revolted because…
Of a recession, poor harvest, & demand for wider right to vote.
Why did the revolutions fail?
The rulers of the military force revolutionaries did not have mass support.
Correctly match the ideals of the Italian Nationalist Movement:
- Mazzini:
- Count Cavour:
- Garibaldi:
- Mazzini: an intellectual
- Count Cavour: a statesman
- Garibaldi: a fighter
When was Italian unification complete?
1870
After the Franco-Prussian war and France was defeated, what was “born” in Germany?
The Second Reich
Who becomes the Kaiser of Germany and who becomes the Chancellor?
William 1 of Prussia- Kaiser
Bismark- Chancellor
What is conservatism?
- Usually wealthy property owners & nobility
- Wanted to protect the traditional monarchies of Europe
What king and queen were executed?
King Louis XVI
Queen Marie Antoinette
What stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded upon general good” and who created it?
The “Declaration of Rights of Man of the Citizen” created by the National Assembly.
What enlightenment leader believed people are “noble and sovereign” and consistent to be governed for protection of natural rights? And what did he write!
John Locke who wrote “Two Treaties on Government”
What enlightenment leader wrote “The Social Contract” and stated “Force does not constitute right… Obedience is due only to legitimate powers.”?
Jean-Jaques Rousseau
What enlightenment leader believed in religious tolerance should triumph over religious fanaticism, separation of church and state, freedom of speech and said “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to death your right to say it.”
Voltaire who wrote “The Candidate”
Effects of enlightenment:
- Applied reason to human world
- Stimulates religious tolerance
- Fueled democratic revolution around the world
The enlightenment believed human progress possible through application of…
Scientific knowledge reason to issues of laws and government.
