When Atoms Get Together Flashcards
What is a molecule?
When 2 or more atoms, of the same or different atoms combine.
What are elements?
Atoms in their purest forms, on the periodic table
Describe compounds?
They are made up of atoms held together by chemical bonds
Which families are a perfect match for each other when bonding?
Alkine metals, halogens
Alkaline earth metals, oxygen family
What are atoms always trying to do? Why do they bond?
They want to fill their outermost electron shell (valence electron shell) either by loosing or gaining electrons (2, 8, 8, 2)
Do metals or non metals loose electrons in ionic bonds?
Metals loose electrons and become positive
Non metals gain electrons and become negative
What is the octet rule?
They want to fill their outermost electron shell either by loosing or gaining electrons (get 8 ve)
Who follows the duet rule?
H and He, their outermost shell can only have 2 electrons
Which families are most likely to loose 1 or 2 ve to give to another? Do they become positively or negatively charged?
Alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals
Positive
Which family is ost likely to gain 1 or 2 ve to be satisfied? Do they become positively or negatively charged?
Halogens, oxygen family
Negative
Ionic bonds are formed by what kinds of atoms?
metals and nonmetals
polyatomics and anything
What breaks up an ionic bond?
water
Atoms will loose or gain electrons based on what? Why?
Which is easier
Since they form oppositely charged ions by the gain or loss of electrons they chemically attract each other
What does opposites attract mean in the case of ionic bonds?
Metals and non metals are attracted to each other
Ionic bonds are the result of what?
Electrostatic charges attracting each other as electrons are “swapped”
(basically opposites attract)
What happens to ionic bonds when they come in contact with water?
The bonds dissociate in water and thus make for excellent electrolytes (conducts electricity)
How are ionic bonds shown using the Lewis structure
An arrow from the ve to the open space
What are polyatomic ions?
2 or more chemically bonded atoms that have become electrically charged as a unit by losing or gaining 1 or more electrons
Polyatomics bonding with metals and non metals form what kind of bonds?
Ionic bonds
Describe covalent bonds
Atoms get their octet needs satisfied by sharing some of their valence electrons NOT giving them up
When are covalent bonds desirable?
When atoms are looking for a similar thing and complete each other
Are covalent bonds easy to break?
NO, they share to complete each other
Covalent bonds are formed between what?
non metals and non metals
How do you draw covalent bonds using lewis structures?
“Hugs” between the ve which are being shared
